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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (11): 2546-2554    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.11.023
材料工程     
CFRP自阻加热的通道构型影响电热行为研究
鲍永杰(),赵清华,郑植,马宇薪,杨宇星*()
大连海事大学 轮机工程学院，辽宁 大连 116026
Effect of channel configuration on electrothermal behavior of CFRP self-resistance heating
Yongjie BAO(),Qinghua ZHAO,Zhi ZHENG,Yuxin MA,Yuxing YANG*()
Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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摘要：

开展碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）自阻加热试验，探究不同通道构型对电热行为的影响. 设计6种电流通道构型分成交叉通道和直通道2个类别，利用热电偶与红外热成像测温方法，研究不同通电策略下CFRP层合板的温度场分布规律与温升特性. 结果表明，交叉通道构型因横向高电阻引发局部过热而表现出温度非均匀性，交叉通道A中心温度达到108.3 ℃，10 mm范围内温差为64 ℃. 直通道构型表现出良好的电热性能，直通道在1.2 A电流下温升速率为11.3 ℃/min，稳态温度为81.7 ℃；双直通道A在2.0 A电流下温升速率提升至12.5 ℃/min，稳态温度达87.6 ℃，温度分布比直通道的更均匀. 直通道构型下当电流从0.8 A增至1.0 A时，电阻增加引发正反馈效应，稳态温度增幅达其余区间的2倍；双直通道构型类似效应的电流区间为1.8~2.0 A. 该结果为CFRP在低温环境下的自阻加热设计提供了试验数据支撑.
关键词： 碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP);  层合结构;  电加热;  自阻加热;  温度均匀性;  温升效率    
Abstract:

Self-resistance heating experiments of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) were conducted to investigate the effects of channel configuration on electrothermal behavior. Six current channel configurations of two types, namely cross-channel and straight-channel, were designed. The temperature distribution and heating characteristics of CFRP laminates under different energization strategies were studied using thermocouples and infrared thermography. The results showed three main findings: First, cross-channel configurations exhibited temperature non-uniformity due to localized overheating caused by transverse high resistance, with the central temperature of cross-channel A reaching 108.3 ℃ and a temperature difference of 64 ℃ within 10 mm. Second, straight-channel configurations demonstrated favorable electro-thermal performance, with a heating rate of 11.3 ℃/min and a steady-state temperature of 81.7 ℃ at 1.2 A. By comparison, double straight-channel A achieved a heating rate of 12.5 ℃/min and a steady-state temperature of 87.6 ℃ at 2.0 A, with relatively uniform temperature distribution. Third, a positive feedback effect induced by resistance increase was observed when the current increased from 0.8 A to 1.0 A in straight-channel configurations, resulting in a steady-state temperature increment twice that of other intervals; a similar effect occurred in double straight-channel configurations within the current range of 1.8?A to 2.0?A. The results provide experimental data to support the design of CFRP self-resistance heating systems for low-temperature applications.
Key words: carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)    laminated structure    electric heating    self-resistance heating    temperature uniformity    temperature rise efficiency
收稿日期: 2025-10-11 出版日期: 2026-10-16
CLC:  TM 241.2  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2023YFC2809704）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（52571280, 52301359）.
通讯作者: 杨宇星     E-mail: yongjie@dlmu.edu.cn;yangyuxing@dlmu.edu.cn
作者简介: 鲍永杰（1980—），男，教授，博导，从事复合材料制造技术研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-3157. E-mail：yongjie@dlmu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

鲍永杰,赵清华,郑植,马宇薪,杨宇星. CFRP自阻加热的通道构型影响电热行为研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(11): 2546-2554.

Yongjie BAO,Qinghua ZHAO,Zhi ZHENG,Yuxin MA,Yuxing YANG. Effect of channel configuration on electrothermal behavior of CFRP self-resistance heating. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(11): 2546-2554.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.11.023    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I11/2546

参数数值
碳纤维密度$ {\rho }_{\text{c}} $/(kg·m?3)1750
碳纤维体积分数$ {\varphi }_{\text{f}} $/%64±2
碳纤维导热系数$ {\lambda }_{\text{f}} $/(W·m?1·K?1)7.86
树脂导热系数$ {\lambda }_{\text{m}} $/(W·m?1·K?1)0.255
单层名义厚度$ \delta $/mm0.125
表 1  碳纤维环氧树脂预浸料性能参数
图 1  不同厚度样件及固化模具设计示意图
图 2  CFRP自阻加热试验方案和通道构型
通道构型I/A
组1组2组3组4组5组6
直通道0.40.60.81.01.21.3
交叉通道A0.10.20.30.40.5—
交叉通道B0.10.20.30.4——
交叉通道C0.10.20.30.4——
双直通道A1.21.41.61.82.02.1
双直通道B1.41.61.82.02.22.3
表 2  自阻加热试验单层参数设置
图 3  层间导电微观结构示意图
图 4  各交叉通道最佳电流温变曲线及温度场分布
图 5  直通道各电流温变规律及热成像仪图
图 6  树脂高温失效图
图 7  双直通道A各电流温变规律及最佳温度场分布
图 8  双直通道B最佳工作电流温变曲线及温度场分布
图 9  直通道和双直通道A不同电流区间温升速率
I/Aθ/℃θavg/℃
t=60 st=120 st=180 st=240 st=300 s
0.433.737.940.039.939.738.2
0.641.544.947.447.349.146.0
0.850.053.755.956.557.654.7
1.058.969.071.373.575.569. 6
1.263.776.778.279.480.975.8
表 3  直通道测温点在不同电流下的稳态温度
I/Aθ/℃θavg/℃
t=60 st=120 st=180 st=240 st=300 s
1.244.456.559.059.860.055.9
1.449.061.664.865.567.061.6
1.655.666.970.971.172.067.3
1.861.072.676.678.078.673.4
2.070.783.086.086.287.682.7
表 4  双直通道A测温点在不同电流下的稳态温度
层数通道I/A
组1组2组3组4组5组6
2直通道0.60.81.01.21.41.6
双直通道A1.61.82.02.2——
4直通道1.21.41.61.82.02.2
双直通道A2.22.42.62.8——
6直通道1.41.61.82.02.22.4
双直通道A2.42.62.83.0——
表 5  不同厚度试件自阻加热试验参数设置
层数通道Ibestθs/℃
2直通道1.691.4
双直通道A2.263.1
4直通道2.296.9
双直通道A2.875.4
6直通道2.4103.7
双直通道A3.081.5
表 6  不同厚度试件的最佳响应参数
图 10  直通道不同层数最佳电流热特性
图 11  双直通道A不同层数最佳电流热特性
图 12  不同厚度试件稳态温度随电流的变化趋势
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