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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2025, Vol. 59 Issue (10): 2175-2185    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.10.018
计算机技术     
虚拟环境下的光照体验设计
邹宁1,3,4(),侯志鹏2,5,柴一伟3,孔文琦3,赵博2,5,龚卿4,方强5
1. 浙江大学 计算机科学与技术学院，浙江 杭州 310007
2. 陕西飞机工业有限责任公司，陕西 汉中 723200
3. 浙江大学 软件学院，浙江 宁波 315100
4. 浙江大学 长三角智慧绿洲创新中心未来设计实验室，浙江 嘉兴 314102
5. 浙江大学 机械工程学院，浙江 杭州 310030
Lighting experience design in virtual environments
Ning ZOU1,3,4(),Zhipeng HOU2,5,Yiwei CHAI3,Wenqi KONG3,Bo ZHAO2,5,Qing GONG4,Qiang FANG5
1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
2. Shaanxi Aircraft Industry Limited Company, Hanzhong 723200, China
3. School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
4. Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
5. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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摘要：

在虚拟现实（VR）环境下，特别是精细作业场景中，研究照明对用户操作和视觉感知的影响. 在VR环境中模拟不同光照条件，通过控制光照强度、色温和照明角度测试用户对于虚拟物体的感知精度变化，提升虚拟环境中用户的交互体验和认知效率. 在虚拟光照实验中，进行操作对象的图形分析和细节提取以优化虚拟环境中的照明设计方案，使虚拟环境更加真实，进一步指导虚拟光照环境的搭建与VR环境中的交互设计. 在三维场景设计中，通过实验表明照明在增强数字展品的视觉效果和用户交互体验中的积极作用，论证光照作为互动媒介进行细节展示在沉浸感、专注度方面的优势. 结果表明，特定的光照组合（如较高强度、中性色温、侧向45°照明）能显著提升用户的操作精度和细节辨识能力，有效增强沉浸感与任务专注度.
关键词： 虚拟现实;  照明感知;  照明设计;  交互设计;  引导识别    
Abstract:

The impact of lighting on user operations and visual perception was studied in virtual reality (VR) environments, particularly in scenarios requiring fine motor tasks. Different lighting conditions were simulated in a VR environment, testing the users’ perception accuracy of virtual objects by adjusting light intensity, color temperature, and lighting angles, to enhance users’ interaction experience and cognitive efficiency in virtual settings. The graphical analysis and detail extraction of operational objects were carried out to optimize lighting design in virtual environments and create a more realistic virtual space, which guided the development of virtual lighting environments and the interaction design in the VR environment. In 3D scene design, experiments were conducted to show the positive role of lighting in enhancing the visual effects of digital exhibits and the user interaction experiences, arguing the advantages of lighting as an interactive medium for detailed presentation in terms of immersion and focus. The results indicate that specific lighting combinations (such as higher intensity, neutral color temperature, and 45-degree side lighting) can significantly enhance users’ operational accuracy and detail recognition capabilities, while effectively improving immersion and task focus.
Key words: virtual reality    lighting perception    lighting design    interaction design    guided recognition
收稿日期: 2024-08-30 出版日期: 2025-10-27
CLC:  TP 393  
作者简介: 邹宁（1981—），男，副教授，博导，博士，从事虚拟仿真与智能交互、数字创意与交互设计、智能设计研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-8030. E-mail：zn007@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

邹宁,侯志鹏,柴一伟,孔文琦,赵博,龚卿,方强. 虚拟环境下的光照体验设计[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2025, 59(10): 2175-2185.

Ning ZOU,Zhipeng HOU,Yiwei CHAI,Wenqi KONG,Bo ZHAO,Qing GONG,Qiang FANG. Lighting experience design in virtual environments. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2025, 59(10): 2175-2185.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2025.10.018    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2025/V59/I10/2175

图 1  照明刺激下的用户反应过程
图 2  大型件的照明效果
图 3  三点照明布局
图 4  青铜器模型示意图
图 5  虚拟环境中的照明强度、色温交互界面
图 6  虚拟环境中的照明角度交互界面
图 7  三点照明的灯光布局
图 8  虚拟博物馆照明的交互实验环境
图 9  部分照明效果图像数据收集说明
图 10  目标主体光照强度箱式图及光照强度均值的95%置信区间
图 11  目标主体色温箱式图及色温均值的95%置信区间
图 12  目标主体主光调节范围的数值变化
图 13  照明角度方案调整
图 14  博物馆中的图文展板
图 15  照明引导下的物体展示模式
图 16  青铜器模型的纹样
图 17  纹样识别作答时间箱式图
图 18  虚拟环境中用户体验与交互任务的对应关系
图 19  虚拟场景交互任务流程图
图 20  虚拟场景中的交互式动态灯光角度
图 21  虚拟场景中的纹样贴图展示
图 22  青铜器铸造流程动画关键帧
图 23  任务模拟二级菜单
图 24  纹理制作与模型效果展示
图 25  工艺演示的交互图标
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