Please wait a minute...
浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (7): 1361-1367    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.07.015
能源与环境工程     
碱性氢氧化物消除NH4Cl积灰特性实验研究
倪玉国(),周昊*(),胡世豪
浙江大学 能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027
Experimental study on characteristics of alkaline hydroxide to eliminate NH4Cl ash deposition
Yu-guo NI(),Hao ZHOU*(),Shi-hao HU
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
 全文: PDF(1664 KB)   HTML
摘要：

通过模拟燃煤电厂中NH4Cl氛围，研究NH4Cl如何影响飞灰沉积引起受热面热流密度变化. 实验采用竖式炉系统模拟锅炉尾部烟道，油循环系统控制温度，探针收集积灰，实时监测探针内外表面温度，获得探针受热面热流密度，将NaOH，Mg(OH)2，Ca(OH)2作为脱除剂，研究3种碱性氢氧化物对烟气中NH4Cl的脱除效果. 研究发现，NH4Cl对灰分的黏附能力较弱，受热面热流密度降低主要由NH4Cl析出形成的沉积层引起. 在3种脱除剂中，Ca(OH)2能够改善探针顶部热流密度降低，将热流密度降低率缩小到3.61%；NaOH能够改善探针底部热流密度降低，将降低率缩小到6.46%；Mg(OH)2虽然能够减少探针顶部热流密度降低，但会引起探针底部热流密度降低加剧.
关键词： 热流密度;  灰沉积;  NH4Cl;  脱除剂;  碱性氢氧化物    
Abstract:

By simulating the atmosphere of NH4Cl in coal-fired power plants, the rules that how NH4Cl caused ash deposition to affect the heat flux density of the heat-transfer surfaces were studied. A drop tube furnace system was used to simulate the boiler tail flue, an oil circulation system for temperature control, a probe system for ash deposition, the temperature inside and outside of the probe was monitored in real time to obtain the heat flux density on the probe surface. NaOH, Mg(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 were used as additives to study the removing effect of three alkaline hydroxides on NH4Cl in the flue gas. Results showed that NH4Cl had a weak adhesion ability to ash, and the decrease in heat flux density on the heat-transfer surface was mainly caused by the deposition of NH4Cl. Among the three additives, Ca(OH)2 could narrow the decrease of heat flux density on the top of the probe, reducing the ratio of the decrease to 3.61%, while NaOH could narrow the decrease of the heat flux density at the bottom of the probe, reducing the ratio of the decrease to 6.46%. Although Mg(OH)2 could reduce the decrease of the heat flux density at the top of the probe, it would enlarge the decrease of the heat flux density at the bottom of the probe.
Key words: heat flux?density    ash deposition    NH4Cl    additive    alkaline hydroxide
收稿日期: 2020-05-21 出版日期: 2021-07-05
CLC:  TK 11  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFB0604104）
通讯作者: 周昊     E-mail: yg-ni@163.com;zhouhao@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 倪玉国（1996—），男，博士生，从事锅炉低温受热面积灰研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-6135. E-mail： yg-ni@163.com
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
作者相关文章　　
倪玉国
周昊
胡世豪

引用本文:

倪玉国,周昊,胡世豪. 碱性氢氧化物消除NH4Cl积灰特性实验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(7): 1361-1367.

Yu-guo NI,Hao ZHOU,Shi-hao HU. Experimental study on characteristics of alkaline hydroxide to eliminate NH4Cl ash deposition. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(7): 1361-1367.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.07.015    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I7/1361

图 1  实验系统示意图
参数 数值 单位 参数 数值 单位
烟气温度 310±5 ℃ NH4质量浓度 0.15 g·mL?1
烟气流速 10.0 m·s?1 工况1：无脱除剂
给灰量 2.66 kg·h?1 工况2：NaOH 67.29 g·h?1
蠕动泵流量 10 mL·min?1 工况3：Mg(OH)2 48.78 g·h?1
探针顶部
外孔温度 		100±2 ℃ 工况4：Ca(OH)2 62.24 g·h?1
探针底部
外孔温度 		90±2 ℃
表 1  积灰特性实验参数
化合物 wB/% 化合物 wB/%
SiO2 52.640 MgO 1.390
Al2O3 25.570 SO3 1.228
CaO 7.330 TiO2 1.070
Fe2O3 6.690 P2O5 0.468
Na2O 1.640 SrO 0.198
K2O 1.610 BaO 0.166
表 2  原灰的XRF分析结果
图 2  探针结构示意图
图 3  探针顶部、侧面、底部积灰实物图
图 4  探针的顶部和底部相对热流密度曲线
图 5  探针的顶部和底部热流密度降低率
图 6  不同工况下顶部和底部积灰的XRD图
工况 顶部 底部
原灰 SiO2、莫来石(Al6Si2O13) SiO2、莫来石(Al6Si2O13)
1 SiO2、NH4Cl SiO2、NH4Cl
2 SiO2、NH4Cl、NaCl SiO2、NH4Cl、NaCl
3 SiO2、NH4Cl、Mg(OH)2 SiO2、NH4Cl、Mg(OH)2
4 SiO2、NH4Cl SiO2、NH4Cl
表 3  积灰中的主要物质
图 7  各工况顶部和底部积灰的SEM图
1 MUZIO L, BOGSETH S, HIMES R, et al Ammonium bisulfate formation and reduced load SCR operation[J]. Fuel, 2017, 206: 180- 189
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.081
2 ZHOU C Y, ZHANG L N, DENG Y, et al Research progress on ammonium bisulfate formation and control in the process of selective catalytic reduction[J]. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2016, 35 (6): 1664- 1672
doi: 10.1002/ep.12409
3 MENASHA J, DUNN-RANKIN D, MUZIO L, et al Ammonium bisulfate formation temperature in a bench-scale single-channel air preheater[J]. Fuel, 2011, 90: 2445- 2453
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.006
4 CHEN H, PAN P Y, WANG Y G, et al Field study on the corrosion and ash deposition of low-temperature heating surface in a large-scale coal-fired power plant[J]. Fuel, 2017, 208: 149- 159
doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.120
5 ZHOU H, ZHANG J K, ZHANG K Investigation of the deposition characteristics of ammonium bisulfate and fly ash blend using an on-line digital image technique: effect of deposition surface temperature[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2018, 179: 359- 368
doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.07.030
6 CHEN H, PAN P Y, SHAO H S, et al Corrosion and viscous ash deposition of a rotary air preheater in a coal-fired power plant[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 113: 373- 385
doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.160
7 ZHANG J K, ZHOU H, BAI ZX, et al Experimental investigation of the effect of two additives on the characteristics of low-temperature fouling with an in-situ measurement technique[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 164: 114445
doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114445
8 GE H J, SHEN L H, SONG T, et al Study on the migration characteristics of sodium and chlorine in chemical looping process of Zhundong coal with hematite oxygen carrier[J]. Energy and Fuels, 2019, 33: 1489- 1500
doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02774
9 LEE B H, LOPEZ-HILFIKER F D, SCHRODER J C, et al Airborne observations of reactive inorganic chlorine and bromine species in the exhaust of coal-fired power plants[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018, 123 (19): 11225- 11237
10 蒋旭光, 李香排, 李琦, 等 氯化物排放与燃烧脱氯技术工业性试验研究[J]. 热力发电, 2004, 33 (3): 37- 39, 49
JIANG Xu-guang, LI Xiang-pai, LI Qi, et al Industrial experiment study on chlorid emission and dichlorination technology[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2004, 33 (3): 37- 39, 49
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3364.2004.03.012
11 刘正宁, 谭厚章, 牛艳青, 等 土壤中NH4Cl对生物质锅炉结渣的影响 [J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30 (26): 82- 85
LIU Zheng-ning, TAN Hou-zhang, NIU Yan-qing, et al Analysis of effect of NH4Cl in soil on the slagging in biomass boiler [J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, 2010, 30 (26): 82- 85
12 TAO F M Direct formation of solid ammonium chloride particles from HCl and NH3 vapors [J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1999, 110 (23): 11121
doi: 10.1063/1.479054
13 HWANG I H, MINOYA H, MATSUTO T, et al Removal of ammonium chloride generated by ammonia slip from the SNCR process in municipal solid waste incinerators[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74 (10): 1379- 1384
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.008
14 董锐锋, 吴文龙, 王锋涛, 等 燃煤电厂超低排放改造后烟道氯化铵结晶原因分析及对策[J]. 热力发电, 2018, 47 (3): 128- 134
DONG Rui-feng, WU Wen-long, WANG Feng-tao, et al Reason analysis and countermeasures of ammonium chloride crystallization in the flue system of coal-fired power plants after ultra-low emission transformation[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2018, 47 (3): 128- 134
15 ZHU M, OU G F, JIN H Z, et al Top of the REAC tube corrosion induced by under deposit corrosion of ammonium chloride and erosion corrosion[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2015, 57: 483- 489
doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.08.022
16 QU Q, LI L, BAI W, et al Effects of NaCl and NH4Cl on the initial atmospheric corrosion of zinc [J]. Corrosion Science, 2005, 47 (11): 2832- 2840
doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.11.010
[1] 周昊,白子贤,陈振寰,张佳凯. NH3和SO3混合气氛下的灰沉积生长特性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(2): 389-397.
[2] 张佳凯,聂立,岑可法,蒋啸,周昊. 生物质秸秆与神府烟煤掺烧结渣特性的在线监测[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 1955-1963.
[3] 周昊,张昆,李亚威,张佳凯. 采用动网格技术的煤粉-玉米秸秆掺烧飞灰沉积数值模拟[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(6): 1139-1147.
[4] 牟林巍, 张宇鸿, 李佳琦, 张嘉懿, 蒋平, 范利武. 表面芯吸性对淬火过程中沸腾传热特性的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2018, 52(5): 960-965.
[5] 李佳琦, 范利武, 俞自涛. 超亲水表面在淬火冷却过程中的沸腾传热特性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2016, 50(8): 1493-1498.
[6] 许佩佩, 刘建忠, 雷琦, 向轶, 周俊虎, 岑可法. 塔式太阳能腔式吸热器热性能的实验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2014, 48(5): 3-.
[7] 许佩佩, 刘建忠, 雷琦, 向轶, 周俊虎, 岑可法. 塔式太阳能腔式吸热器热性能的实验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2014, 48(10): 1721-1726.
[8] 郑成航, 程乐鸣, 李涛, 骆仲泱, 倪明江, 岑可法. 多孔介质内低热值气体燃烧及传热数值模拟[J]. J4, 2010, 44(8): 1567-1572.