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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (12): 2745-2754    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.020
土木工程、交通工程     
不同含水率下黄土活动门上方土压力计算方法
李尧1(),陈星历1,李林1,董星2,杜旭超1,孟浩然1,张昊宇1
1. 长安大学 公路学院,陕西 西安 710064
2. 大连理工大学 建设工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024
Calculation method for soil pressure of loess above trapdoor under different water mass fraction
Yao LI1(),Xingli CHEN1,Lin LI1,Xing DONG2,Xuchao DU1,Haoran MENG1,Haoyu ZHANG1
1. School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
2. School of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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摘要:

为了研究不同水质量分数条件下黄土隧道土拱效应及拱顶围岩压力分布特征,开展不同水质量分数的黄土相似材料活动门试验,获得活动门上方应力分布及土压力拱形态,结合理论分析建立土压力计算方法. 结果表明,随着水质量分数的升高,活动门上方压力拱由近矩形转变为三角形,松弛区高度和范围逐渐增大,土拱荷载转移能力减弱. 基于活动门试验,在砂土和黄土复合拱模型基础上,将水质量分数因素引入土拱效应分析与松弛区计算,建立中低水质量分数和高水质量分数黄土压力拱分析模型. 工程算例表明,利用本文方法计算得到的拱顶围岩压力较现有方法更接近实测值,且本文方法能够表征围岩压力随拱顶下沉的演化趋势.

关键词: 黄土隧道;  活动门试验;  土拱分析模型;  围岩压力    
Abstract:

A series of trapdoor tests were conducted using loess-like materials with different water mass fraction in order to analyze the soil arching effect and the distribution characteristics of surrounding soil pressure above the tunnel crown in loess under varying water mass fraction. The stress distribution above the trapdoor and the configuration of the soil pressure arch were obtained, and a calculation method for earth pressure was established through theoretical analysis. Results showed that the soil arch above the trapdoor changed from a rectangular shape to a triangular shape as the water mass fraction increased. Both the height and extent of the loosening zone gradually increased, while the load-transfer capacity decreased. A water mass fraction factor was introduced to the analysis of the soil arching effect and the calculation of the loosening zone based on the trapdoor tests and the composite arch model for sand and loess, and soil-pressure-arch analytical models were established for loess with low-to-medium and high water mass fraction. The proposed approach provided closer alignment with field-measured pressure values compared with conventional methods, and could characterize the progressive evolution of surrounding soil pressure during crown settlement.

Key words: loess tunnel    trapdoor test    soil arch analytical model    surrounding soil pressure
收稿日期: 2025-10-29 出版日期: 2026-10-21
CLC:  U 451  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078045).
作者简介: 李尧(1989—),男,教授,博导,从事黄土隧道开挖与支护理论研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-6953;E-mail:Yao.Li@chd.edu.cn
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引用本文:

李尧,陈星历,李林,董星,杜旭超,孟浩然,张昊宇. 不同含水率下黄土活动门上方土压力计算方法[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(12): 2745-2754.

Yao LI,Xingli CHEN,Lin LI,Xing DONG,Xuchao DU,Haoran MENG,Haoyu ZHANG. Calculation method for soil pressure of loess above trapdoor under different water mass fraction. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(12): 2745-2754.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.12.020    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I12/2745

图 1  活动门试验装置
土种类ww/%c/kPaφ/(°)γ/(kN·m?3)E/MPaEs/MPaμ
原状黄土8.352.3029.4014.3082.6041.540.33
原状黄土16.647.5027.5016.1749.1224.090.33
原状黄土24.733.8026.8020.0025.6912.600.33
相似材料8.31.3030.5014.032.091.010.36
相似材料16.61.3228.5016.071.890.620.36
相似材料24.70.8027.5019.600.770.360.36
表 1  不同水质量分数的原状土及相似材料的物理力学参数
图 2  土压力盒埋设方式
图 3  不同测线及方向上的土压力盒布置示意图
图 4  不同水质量分数下黄土相似材料的稳定土拱形状
图 5  围岩特性曲线简化示意图
图 6  中低水质量分数下的土压力拱模型
图 7  土条微分单元受力
图 8  高水质量分数下的土压力拱模型
图 9  微单元体与等效高度
图 10  土拱范围的试验与计算结果对比
图 11  GRC曲线的试验与计算结果对比
图 12  天然密度与水质量分数的关系
图 13  黏聚力与水质量分数的关系
图 14  内摩擦角与水质量分数的关系
ww/%p0/kPap/kPaρ
试验值计算值试验值计算值试验值计算值
8.37.828.170.550.650.070.08
16.69.709.751.751.730.180.18
24.712.0011.563.483.260.290.28
表 2  活动门试验与修正公式计算结果的对比
断面ww/%c/kPaφ/(°)ρn/(g·cm?3)h/mB/m
K198+55521.2630.2824.681.9511.3213.76
K198+56514.1854.4728.331.6011.0815.70
表 3  洛川隧道黄土的物理力学参数
图 15  实测与计算拱顶应力曲线对比
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