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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2024, Vol. 58 Issue (9): 1970-1980    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.021
机械工程     
三楔气体轴承的动静压特性分析
章晨昕(),洪伟荣*(),郑水英
浙江大学 化工机械研究所，浙江 杭州 310027
Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristic analysis of three-wedge gas bearing
Chenxin ZHANG(),Weirong HONG*(),Shuiying ZHENG
Institute of Process Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

针对氢燃料电池汽车车载空压机的轴承-转子系统，提出兼具静压和动压特性的三楔式气体轴承. 开展轴承动静压耦合作用机制和流场特性、动静态参数研究，并与传统的圆柱气体轴承进行对比. 为了计算轴承的流场特性，在Fluent软件的用户自定义函数（UDF）中编写动网格程序，并提出相应的计算流体力学 （CFD）瞬态模拟方法来求解轴颈任意偏心位置时的轴承非线性气膜力与动态参数. 研究表明，在运行工况变化时，三楔气体轴承动静压效应的强度会不断变化，但始终能通过耦合效应为转子提供有效、稳定的支承. 在低转速范围内，静压效应是影响三楔气体轴承性能的主要因素，表现出与圆柱气体轴承相似的支承效果，保证车载压缩机在启停或升速过程中的稳定运转. 当转速增大时，三楔气体轴承的动压效应显著增强，能在更低的供气压力下为高速旋转的车载压缩机提供支承. 相较于需要外接气源的圆柱气体轴承，三楔气体轴承能在仅利用氢燃料电池汽车供气系统内部气路的情况下为转子提供稳定的支承，适应车载空压机中气体压力有限且须频繁启停、变速的工作环境.
关键词： 气体轴承;  动静压耦合;  动压效应;  轴承特性;  氢燃料电池汽车    
Abstract:

A three-wedge gas bearing, with both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure characteristics, was specially designed for the bearing-rotor system of the air compressor in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The mechanism of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic coupling effect, the flow field characteristics, and the dynamic and static parameters of the bearing were investigated. These results were also compared with those of traditional cylindrical gas bearings. To analyze the flow field characteristics of the bearing, a dynamic mesh program was developed using UDF in Fluent software, and a related CFD transient simulation method was proposed to solve the nonlinear gas film forces and the dynamic parameters of the bearing at any eccentric journal position. The analysis showed that the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure effect intensity of the three-wedge bearing varied with the external working condition, but kept on coupling with each other, ensuring that the bearing always provided effective and stable support for the rotor. At low rotational speed, the hydrostatic pressure effect was the main factor affecting bearing performance, and the three-wedge gas bearing exhibited similar working performance to cylindrical bearing. The three-wedge gas bearing can thus provide stable support for on-board compressor rotor during start-stop and acceleration. With the increase of the rotational speed, the hydrodynamic pressure effect of the three-wedge gas bearing was significantly enhanced. The three-wedge gas bearing can thus provide support for high-speed compressors with lower gas supply pressure than the cylindrical bearing. Therefore, compared with the traditional cylindrical gas bearing that required external gas sources, the three-wedge gas bearing can provide a stable support for the rotor only using the internal gas circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. It adapted well with the working environment inside the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle where the gas supply pressure was limited, and the rotor underwent frequent start-stop and speed changes.
Key words: gas bearing    hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure coupling effect    dynamic pressure effect    bearing characteristics    hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
收稿日期: 2023-07-12 出版日期: 2024-08-30
CLC:  TH 117.2  
通讯作者: 洪伟荣     E-mail: chenxin_zhang@126.com;hongwr@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 章晨昕（1993—），女，博士生，从事高速旋转机械研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-7724. E-mail：chenxin_zhang@126.com
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引用本文:

章晨昕,洪伟荣,郑水英. 三楔气体轴承的动静压特性分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(9): 1970-1980.

Chenxin ZHANG,Weirong HONG,Shuiying ZHENG. Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristic analysis of three-wedge gas bearing. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(9): 1970-1980.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.021    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2024/V58/I9/1970

图 1  三楔气体轴承及其流场结构示意图
物理量变量符号数值
供气孔直径dl/mm2.0
节流孔直径d2/mm0.35
平均气膜间隙$\bar c $/mm0.02
轴承半径r/mm12.5
轴承长度l/mm34.5
表 1  三楔气体轴承参数
图 2  三楔气体轴承实体结构
N/104pmax / PaΔDP / %Fc / NΔDF / %
42511416.64.145124.74.954
85519595.02.617128.32.210
114529237.90.810130.10.838
180532921.80.119130.90.229
250533559.2参考值131.2参考值
表 2  网格无关性验证
图 3  三楔气体轴承流场建模和网格划分
图 4  动网格方法的计算原理图
图 5  轴承流场网格模型坐标方向
图 6  不同转速下的气膜周向压力分布
图 7  不同转速下气膜周向密度分布
图 8  不同转速下节流孔区域周向压力分布
图 9  不同转速下的气膜压力云图
图 10  偏心率为0.3时的气膜周向压力分布
图 11  不同转速和偏心率下的轴承承载力
图 12  不同转速和偏心率下的轴承刚度系数
图 13  不同转速和偏心率下的轴承阻尼系数
图 14  轴承结构及流场形状对比图
图 15  不同转速和偏心率下三楔与圆柱气体轴承承载力对比
图 16  不同转速下三楔与圆柱气体轴承在车载空压机转子上的静平衡位置对比
图 17  不同转速下三楔与圆柱气体轴承在车载空压机转子上的动态参数对比
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