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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2021, Vol. 55 Issue (8): 1482-1489    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.08.009
土木工程、交通工程     
公交专用道条件下公交车辆轨迹的Seq2Seq预测
张楠(),董红召*(),佘翊妮
浙江工业大学 智能交通系统联合研究所,浙江 杭州 310023
Seq2Seq prediction of bus trajectory on exclusive bus lanes
Nan ZHANG(),Hong-zhao DONG*(),Yi-ni SHE
Joint Institute of Intelligent Transportation System, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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摘要:

即使在公交专用道条件下,因受前方车辆、站台通行能力、行人过街等因素影响,由路段上游到下游停车线持续一定时长的公交车辆轨迹仍然表现出较强的不确定性. 简单场景下的单一目标时间序列模型难以有效应对不确定性对公交车辆轨迹预测的影响. 针对上述问题,提出将车辆通过路段的整体轨迹表示为由多个相对简单的局部时间序列顺序组成的高维时间序列,应用循环神经网络的单层和多层循环编码器-解码器结构建立高维时间序列中局部序列和整体序列的映射关系,从当前时段轨迹序列开始依次循环预测每个局部序列直到获得未来时段的整体序列. 在实验验证中,采用杭州市文三路公交线路的实测GPS轨迹数据对2种结构进行训练和测试. 结果表明,所提方法优于现有流行的多步循环序列到序列方法,其中多层结构预测结果和复杂场景的泛化性能均优于单层结构.

关键词: 高维时间序列循环神经网络(RNN)序列到序列(Seq2Seq)多层循环编码器-解码器(HRED)智能交通系统(ITS)    
Abstract:

The trajectory of bus vehicles from the upstream to the downstream of road in a relatively long period still demonstrated strong uncertainty even on condition of exclusive bus lanes, due to the influence of ahead vehicles, platform capacity, pedestrian crossing and other factors. Time series models which only operate on individual targets in simple scenarios were not efficiently utilized for the impact of uncertainty on the prediction of bus trajectory. The future global trajectory sequence was suggested to be transformed into a high-dimensional time series composed of multiple simple short-term local trajectory sequences, aiming at the above problem. Subsequently, a simple and hierarchical recurrent encoder-decoder architecture was established based on the recurrent neural network to describe the mapping relationship between the local sequence and the globe sequence in the high-dimensional time series. Starting from the current period trajectory sequence, each local sequence of the high-dimensional time series was cyclically predicted until the final future global sequence was obtained. Finally, the two types of architecture were trained and tested by using GPS data of bus trajectory measured on Wensan Road in Hangzhou, China. Results show that the above method outperforms multi-step sequence to sequence method and the hierarchical recurrent encoder-decoder architecture obtains the best prediction results and generalization performance to complex environment.

Key words: high-dimensional time series    recurrent neural networks (RNN)    sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq)    hierarchical recurrent encoder-decoder (HRED)    intelligent traffic system (ITS)
收稿日期: 2020-11-03 出版日期: 2021-09-01
CLC:  U 491.2  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61773347);浙江省公益计划资助项目(LGF18E080018)
通讯作者: 董红召     E-mail: zhangn_2007@163.com;its@zjut.edu.cn
作者简介: 张楠(1984—),博士,从事机器学习与智能交通系统研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-9850. E-mail: zhangn_2007@163.com
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引用本文:

张楠,董红召,佘翊妮. 公交专用道条件下公交车辆轨迹的Seq2Seq预测[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2021, 55(8): 1482-1489.

Nan ZHANG,Hong-zhao DONG,Yi-ni SHE. Seq2Seq prediction of bus trajectory on exclusive bus lanes. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2021, 55(8): 1482-1489.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2021.08.009        https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2021/V55/I8/1482

图 1  用于整体序列预测的局部序列定义
图 2  多步Seq2Seq的编码器-解码器结构
图 3  单层循环编码器-解码器结构
图 4  多层循环编码器-解码器结构
图 5  实验选取公交线路所在路段
实验 局部序列 轨迹样本 训练集 验证集 测试集
1 59337 9221 6918 921 1382
2 52909 8753 ? ? 1311
表 1  实验训练集合样本数量
模型
结构
隐层状
态维度
实验1 实验2
MAE/
10?2
MAPE/
10?2
RMSE/
10?2
MAE/
10?2
MAPE/
10?2
RMSE/
10?2
多步
预测
32 3.72 7.95 5.47 3.97 8.02 5.51
64 3.59 7.63 5.31 3.78 7.90 5.42
128 3.56 7.39 5.26 3.51 7.44 5.20
单层循
环预测
32 3.59 7.71 5.29 3.65 7.84 5.37
64 3.54 7.49 5.21 3.59 7.60 5.25
128 3.42 7.25 5.04 3.49 7.31 5.12
多层循
环预测
32 3.53 7.46 5.10 3.61 7.63 5.19
64 3.29 6.96 4.87 3.34 6.99 4.93
128 3.26 6.76 4.79 3.30 6.86 4.83
表 2  3种结构测试集的预测结果评价
图 6  3种结构训练过程的损失曲线
图 7  3种结构预测的整体轨迹对比
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