Please wait a minute...
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (5): 562-570    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.09.161
Horticulture     
Leaf color change and its correlation with pigment content in 10 ornamental crabapple varieties in spring
Wenxue HAN1,2(),Hao JIANG3,Jian BIAN3,Jinhu YUN3,Yanyan SUN3,Wangxiang ZHANG3,4,Ye PENG1,2()
1.Co -Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037
2.College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037
3.College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
4.Yangzhou Small Apple Horticulture Co. Ltd. , Yangzhou 225200, Jiangsu, China
Download: HTML   HTML ( )    PDF(1397KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      

Abstract  

In order to explore the varieties of ornamental crabapples with color leaves and a long viewing period in spring and the influence of pigment content on the leaf color, 10 ornamental crabapple varieties, Malus ‘Black Jade’, Malus ‘Pink Spires’, Malus ‘Profusion’, Malus ‘Prairifire’, Malus ‘Royal Raindrop’, Malus ‘Roudph’, Malus ‘Show Time’, Malus ‘Big Red’, Malus ‘Perfect Purple’ and Malus ‘Purple Prince’ from North America were selected as the experimental objects. Their leaf color parameters and pigment contents were tested at different developmental stages (prophase of leaf spreading L1, early stage of leaf spreading L2, late stage of leaf spreading L3). The results showed that the change of lightness (L*) in most varieties was relatively stable, while the fluctuations of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were large. The a* values of ‘Black Jade’, ‘Pink Spires’, ‘Profusion’, ‘Roudph’,‘Big Red’, ‘Perfect Purple’, ‘Purple Prince’ varieties showed significant decreases (P＜0.05), and the a* values of ‘Prairifire’, ‘Royal Raindrop’,‘Show Time’ varieties increased. The overall variation of b* values was consistent and significantly increased (P＜0.05). Combining with the leaf color map, the a* value can be used as the main indicator for the spring leaf enjoyment of the ornamental crabapple; and the b* value is the auxiliary indicator for the leaf color change of the ornamental crabapple. The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid increased and the anthocyanin content decreased with the developmental periods, while the content of chlorophyll was always higher than the contents of the other two pigments. Correlation analysis showed that, the anthocyanin contents of 10 ornamental crabapple varieties had significant or extremely significantly positive correlations with the a* values. There was a significant positive correlation between carotenoid content and the b* value of the leaves, and the correlation between chlorophyll content and leaf color parameters varied from variety to variety. In conclusion, among the 10 ornamental crabapple varieties, ‘Prairifire’, ‘Royal Raindrop’, and ‘Show Time’ have higher ornamental value, worthy of development and utilization as red leaf tree species in spring, as the leaves remain red for a long time (about 35 d) in the three developmental stages.

Key words： ornamental crabapple      spring      leaf color      pigment      correlation     
Received: 16 September 2019      Published: 19 November 2020
CLC:  S 687.1  
Corresponding Authors: Ye PENG     E-mail: 1696823033@qq.com;pengye@njfu.edu.cn
Service
E-mail this article
Add to my bookshelf
Add to citation manager
E-mail Alert
RSS
Articles by authors
Wenxue HAN
Hao JIANG
Jian BIAN
Jinhu YUN
Yanyan SUN
Wangxiang ZHANG
Ye PENG
Cite this article:

Wenxue HAN,Hao JIANG,Jian BIAN,Jinhu YUN,Yanyan SUN,Wangxiang ZHANG,Ye PENG. Leaf color change and its correlation with pigment content in 10 ornamental crabapple varieties in spring. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 562-570.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.09.161     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I5/562


10个观赏海棠品种叶片春季色彩变化及其与色素含量的相关性

为了挖掘春季具有较长观赏期的观叶海棠品种，并探究色素含量对观赏海棠叶片色彩的影响，以引自北美的‘黛玉’海棠（Malus ‘Black Jade’）、‘粉冠’海棠（Malus ‘Pink Spires’）、‘丰盛’海棠（Malus ‘Profusion’）、‘高原红’海棠（Malus ‘Prairifire’）、‘皇家雨点’海棠（Malus ‘Royal Raindrop’）、‘鲁道夫’海棠（Malus ‘Roudph’）、‘时光秀’海棠（Malus ‘Show Time’）、‘硕红’海棠（Malus ‘Big Red’）、‘完美紫’海棠（Malus ‘Perfect Purple’）、‘紫王子’海棠（Malus ‘Purple Prince’）10个观赏海棠品种为材料，测定不同发育时期（展叶前期L1、展叶初期L2、展叶后期L3）叶片色彩参数及其色素含量。结果表明：多数品种明度（lightness, L*）值变化相对平稳，而红度（redness, a*）、黄度（yellowness, b*）值变化幅度大。‘黛玉’‘粉冠’‘丰盛’‘鲁道夫’‘硕红’‘完美紫’‘紫王子’7个观赏海棠品种的a*值显著降低（P＜0.05），‘高原红’‘皇家雨点’‘时光秀’3个品种的a*值呈升高趋势。b*值在10个品种中的整体变化规律一致，呈显著性升高（P＜0.05）。结合色彩图谱分析发现，红绿色相a*值可作为观赏海棠春季观叶的主要指示值，黄绿色相b*值是观赏海棠叶色变化的辅助指示值。随发育时期的变化，观赏海棠叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量逐渐增加，花青素含量逐渐减少，并且叶绿素含量始终高于其他色素含量。叶片色彩与色素含量的相关性分析结果表明：10个观赏海棠品种花青素含量与叶片a*值呈显著或极显著正相关，类胡萝卜素含量与叶片b*值呈极显著正相关，叶绿素含量与色彩参数间的相关性因品种而异。综上所述，在10个观赏海棠品种中，‘高原红’‘皇家雨点’‘时光秀’3个品种的观赏价值较高，在3个发育时期中其叶片呈红色周期长，达35 d左右，可作为春季观红叶树种加以开发利用。


关键词： 观赏海棠,  春季,  叶色,  色素,  相关性 

序号

No.

品种名

Variety name

序号

No.

品种名

Variety name

1

‘黛玉’

‘Black Jade’

6

‘鲁道夫’

‘Roudph’

2

‘粉冠’

‘Pink Spires’

7

‘时光秀’

‘Show Time’

3

‘丰盛’

‘Profusion’

8

‘硕红’

‘Big Red’

4

‘高原红’

‘Prairifire’

9

‘完美紫’

‘Perfect Purple’

5

‘皇家雨点’

‘Royal Raindrop’

10

‘紫王子’

‘Purple Prince’
Table 1 Ornamental crabapple varieties tested
Fig. 1 Leaf developmental stages
Fig. 2 Analysis of leaf color parameters of ornamental crabapple at different developmental stagesL1: Prophase of leaf spreading; L2: Early stage of leaf spreading；L3: Late stage of leaf spreading. L*: Lightness; a*: Redness; b*: Yellowness. 1: ‘Black Jade’; 2: ‘Pink Spires’; 3: ‘Profusion’; 4: ‘Prairifire’; 5: ‘Royal Raindrop’; 6: ‘Roudph’; 7: ‘Show Time’; 8: ‘Big Red’; 9: ‘Perfect Purple’; 10: ‘Purple Prince’. The different lowercase letters above the bars show significant differences under different developmental periods for the same variety at the 0.05 probability level.
Fig. 3 Leaf color maps of 10 ornamental crabapple varietiesPlease see the footnote of Fig. 2 for the details of each symbol and number.
Fig. 4 Dynamic changes of chlorophyll contents in 10 ornamental crabapple varietiesPlease see the footnote of Fig. 2 for the details of each symbol and number. The different lowercase letters above the bars show significant differences under different developmental periods for the same variety at the 0.05 probability level.

品种名

Variety name

叶绿素 Chlorophyll花青素 Anthocyanin类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid
L*a*b*L*a*b*L*a*b*
‘黛玉’ ‘Black Jade’0.750*－0.932**0.990**－0.923**0.988**－0.855**0.931**－0.853**0.957**
‘粉冠’ ‘Pink Spires’0.949**－0.706*0.990**－0.790*0.866**－0.960**0.976**－0.5200.934**
‘丰盛’ ‘Profusion’－0.877**－0.958**0.991**0.6270.958**－0.957**－0.962**－0.869**0.921**
‘高原红’ ‘Prairifire’0.2300.992**0.983**－0.2320.917**0.942**0.0460.989**0.995**
‘皇家雨点’ ‘Royal Raindrop’－0.920**0.858**0.993**－0.975**0.952**0.954**－0.892**0.801**0.980**
‘鲁道夫’ ‘Roudph’－0.892**－0.982**0.994**0.977**0.949**－0.883**－0.788*－0.936**0.965**
‘时光秀’ ‘Show Time’0.0270.0610.979**0.814**0.878**－0.4390.3200.4450.813**
‘硕红’ ‘Big Red’－0.064－0.777*0.967**0.0110.671*－0.882**0.122－0.681*0.910**
‘完美紫’ ‘Perfect Purple’－0.1700.3330.1240.4800.966**－0.987**－0.747*－0.794*0.886**
‘紫王子’ ‘Purple Prince’－0.684*0.894**0.2820.0340.859*－0.484－0.960**0.1260.970**
Table 2 Correlation between color parameters and pigment contents in leaves of ornamental crabapple
[1]   周婷,沈星诚,周道建,等.海棠品种分类研究进展. 园艺学报,2018,45(2):380-396. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0140
ZHOU T, SHEN X C, ZHOU D J, et al. Advances in classification of crabapple cultivars. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018,45(2):380-396. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0140
[2]   王向光.观赏海棠不同品种表型性状分析. 河北,秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2018.
WANG X G. Phenotypic analysis of different varieties of ornamental crabapple. Qinhuangdao, Hebei: Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]   张往祥,江志华,裘靓,等.观赏海棠花色时序动态分布格局研究. 园艺学报,2013,40(3):505-514.
ZHANG W X, JIANG Z H, QIU J, et al. Study on sequence dynamic distribution pattern of flower color parameters of ornamental crabapple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2013,40(3):505-514. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]   张往祥,裘靓,江志华,等.观赏海棠品种群开花进程中色素组分动态特征研究. 园艺学报,2014,41(6):1145-1156.
ZHANG W X, QIU J, JIANG Z H, et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of pigment components of ornamental crabapple cultivars in flowering process. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2014,41(6):1145-1156. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]   姜文龙,范俊俊,张丹丹,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色彩特征及特异种质挖掘. 园艺学报,2017,44(6):1135-1144. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774
JIANG W L, FAN J J, ZHANG D D, et al. Color characteristics of different leaf positions and special germplasm mining of ornamental crabapple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017,44(6):1135-1144. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774
[6]   姜文龙,李千惠,周婷,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色素组分动态研究. 中南林业科技大学学报,2019,39(4):99-106. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2019.04.017
JIANG W L, LI Q H, ZHOU T, et al. Study on dynamic accumulation of pigment components at different leaf positions in ornamental crabapple. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2019,39(4):99-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2019.04.017
[7]   张洋,赵明明,范俊俊,等.40个观赏海棠品种叶色变化规律研究. 江苏林业科技,2016,43(5):8-12.
ZHANG Y, ZHAO M M, FAN J J, et al. Leaf color variation of 40 ornamental Malus cultivars. Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology, 2016,43(5):8-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]   张曼,郑云冰,范可可,等.不同时期观赏海棠叶色和花色变化规律研究. 河南农业科学,2019,48(5):106-112. DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.05.016
ZHANG M, ZHENG Y B, FAN K K, et al. Study on the changes of leaf and flower of ornamental crabapple in different periods. Henan Agricultural Science, 2019,48(5):106-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.05.016
[9]   黄小维,朱振华,吴春明.测色色差仪的应用. 现代商检科技,1995(2):34-36.
HUAGN X W, ZHU Z H, WU C M. Application of chromatograph. Modern Commodity Inspection Technology, 1995(2):34-36. (in Chinese )
[10]   王舒甜,张金池,张亮.油菜素内酯对盐胁迫下香樟叶片光合色素以及叶绿素荧光的影响. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,43(1):45-53. DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.07.041
WANG S T, ZHANG J C, ZHANG L. Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of camphor seedlings under salt stress. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2017,43(1):45-53. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.07.041
[11]   刘晓芳,李萍,黄闽敏,等.红宝石海棠叶片花青素及叶绿素含量的影响因子. 经济林研究,2007,25(1):38-41.
LIU X F, LI P, HUANG M M, et al. Affecting factors of contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in leaves of Malusspectabilis royalty. Nonwood Forest Research, 2007,25(1):38-41. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]   陈继卫,沈朝栋,贾玉芳,等.红枫秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理特性. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,36(2):181-186. DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2010.02.010
CHENG J W, SHEN C D, JIA Y F, et al. Physiological changes of maple (Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’) leaves during the color-changing period in autumn and winter. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2010,36(2):181-186. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2010.02.010
[13]   齐睿,李小红,石博雨,等.红叶石楠转色期叶片色彩参数与色素含量的相关性分析. 河南农业科学,2019,48(4):93-101. DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.04.015
QI R, LI X H, SHI B Y, et al. Analysis on the relationship of leaf color parameters and pigments content in Photinia × fraseri dress with veraison stage. Henan Agricultural Science, 2019,48(4):93-101. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.04.015
[14]   袁明,万兴智,杜蕾,等.红花檵木叶色变化机理的初步研究. 园艺学报,2010,37(6):949-956.
YUAN M, WAN X Z, DU L, et al. Mechanism on leaf color transformation of Loropetalum chinense Olive var. rubrum. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2010,37(6):949-956. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]   史宝胜.紫叶李叶色生理变化及影响因素研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
SHI B S. The research on the physiological characters and the influence factors on leave color of purple leaf cherry plum. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2006. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]   朱书香,杨建民,王中华,等.4种李属彩叶植物色素含量与叶色参数的关系. 西北植物学报,2009,29(8):1663-1669.
ZHU S X, YANG J M, WANG Z H, et al. Relationship between pigment contents and leaf color parameters of four leaf-colored species of Prunus. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2009,29(8):1663-1669. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]   许军,何梅,胡玉安,等.观赏海棠研究进展. 江西农业大学学报,2018,40(3):553-560. DOI:10.13836/j.jjau.2018072
XU J, HE M, HU Y A, et al. Advance in the research on and expectation of ornamental crabapple. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2018,40(3):553-560. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.13836/j.jjau.2018072
[18]   董聚苗.观赏海棠遗传多样性研究. 河北,秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015.
DONG J M. Genetic diversity of germplasm resources in ornamental crabapple. Qinhuangdao, Hebei: Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 2015. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] Gang LUO,Jie WANG,Tingting CHEN,Linhai LIU,Songjia LAI. Correlation between leptin gene expression level in different tissues and meat quality in Zika rabbit[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(4): 484-489.
[2] Ang WANG,Danchao DAI,Xuzhou MA,Qun MOU,Yongqing YU,Weiqun Lü. Effects of rice-crab culture on nitrogen leaching in rice fields in the north of China.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(3): 332-342.
[3] Yatao HE,Dandan GAO,Senning GAN,Ting SUN,Kuizheng CAI,Junlin LIU. Isolation and identification of a red pigment producer endophytic fungus Monascus sanguineus from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(1): 1-7.
[4] SHENG Wei, MO Yaying, HU Zhongjian, RU Yalu, WU Yuhuan. Distributional characteristics of epiphytic bryophytes and the relationships with environmental factors in Hangzhou City[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2018, 44(6): 711-721.
[5] . Rice cropping information extraction mapping based on sample knowledge mining using high resolution remote sensing images[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2018, 44(6): 765-774.
[6] LI Zheng, ZHANG Huihui, ZHU Hong, ZHANG Hao, YE Hui, HU Baolan, LOU Liping. Variation and correlation of air pollutants in the west of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2018, 44(1): 89-97.
[7] WANG Shutian, ZHANG Jinchi, ZHANG Liang. Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of camphor seedlings under salt stress[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2017, 43(1): 45-53.
[8] REN Juan, ZHANG Lei, ZENG Lingzao, WU Laosheng, SHI Jiachun. Groundwater ammonia-oxidizing bacteria distribution and the correlations between the distribution and environmental factors around livestock lagoons[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2016, 42(5): 589-.
[9] CHEN Renliang, LI Xiao, LONG Ying, ZHANG Lei, YAN Junjie, HUANG Qianhui, XIONG Hongmin, XIE Baogui. Analysis on the co-expression of hydrophobin Fv-Hyd1 and its potential transcription factor Fv-Rtg3 in Flammulina velutipes[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2016, 42(3): 313-320.
[10] Liu Feifei, Ke Shengbing, Wang Jianpan, Bi Shoudong, Zou Yunding, Zhou Xiazhi, Dang Fenghua, Xu Jinfeng, Yu Kun, Zhao Xuejuan. Blocked quadrat variance analysis for spatial relation of Ectropis oblique hypulina larva and spider natural enemies.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(2): 133-146.
[11] Du Ruiqing, Lin Shanhai,Huang Siliang, Zhang Zhengtian, Qin Liping, Li Qiqin . Statistical analysis of carbon and nitrogen sources for growth and sporulation of Exserohilum rostratum causing banana leaf spot disease[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(1): 64-74.
[12] Chen Meili1,2, Tang Desong1*, Gong Shuying1*, Yang Jie1, Zhang Yingbin3. Quantitative analysis and correlation evaluation on taste quality of green tea.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(6): 670-678.
[13] Su Shengyan1, Dong Zaijie1,2*, Zhu Wenbin1, Yuan Xinhua1. Relationship between IGF2a intron 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(5): 489-494.
[14] YANG Yong*, ZHANG Chutian, HE Liyuan. New multifactor spatial prediction method based on Bayesian maximum entropy[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(6): 636-644.
[15] LU Xiaoping, YANG Bingxian, XU Chanjuan, TIAN Jingkui, ZHANG Lin*. Study on correlation and path analysis between SPAD values and chlorophyll concentrations in three species of Berberidaceae leaves[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(3): 261-266.