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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (2): 244-257    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.182
研究论文     
普通油茶良种资源表型性状多样性分析与综合评价
邢凯峰(),张剑(),陈尚,张立冬,谢昊星,赵耀,戎俊
南昌大学生命科学学院,江西 南昌 330031
Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources
Kaifeng XING(),Jian ZHANG(),Shang CHEN,Lidong ZHANG,Haoxing XIE,Yao ZHAO,Jun RONG
School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
 全文: PDF(2295 KB)   HTML
摘要:

普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国总产油量最高、栽培面积最广的木本油料作物。为促进我国普通油茶良种资源的挖掘与利用,本研究使用主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、巢式方差分析、多元回归分析等方法以及变异系数、表型分化系数、香农-维纳多样性指数,探究560份普通油茶良种资源的表型性状多样性及其与环境因子的相关性,并使用熵权TOPSIS法对560份普通油茶良种资源进行综合评价和排序。结果表明,560份普通油茶良种资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,34个表型性状的香农-维纳多样性指数为0.05~2.35,均值为1.06,数量性状的变异系数为3.02%~53.33%,均值为23.25%。普通油茶良种资源34个表型性状种源间和种源内的方差分量均值分别为53.591%和32.382%,说明普通油茶良种资源表型性状种源内相似性较高,其分化主要来自种源间。随着纬度的升高和年平均温度的降低,普通油茶良种资源平均单果质量、种仁含油率及饱和脂肪酸含量呈现下降趋势,而不饱和脂肪酸含量呈现上升趋势,表明纬度和年平均温度是限制普通油茶生长的主要因子。熵权TOPSIS法综合评价和排序结果显示,长林4号综合得分指数最高,浙江、云南、安徽、湖南等地区均有多个选育的良种综合排名在前30以内。本研究结果为普通油茶育种及良种推广提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 普通油茶良种资源表型性状熵权TOPSIS法综合评价    
Abstract:

Camellia oleifera is the woody oil crop with the highest total oil production and the largest cultivated area in China. To improve the mining and utilization of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources in China, this study used principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, nested analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of variation, the phenotypic differentiation coefficient, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index to explore the diversity of phenotypic traits of 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources and the correlation between the phenotypic traits and environmental factors. The 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated and ranked using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The results showed that there was abundant genetic variation in the 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of 34 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.05 to 2.35, with a mean value of 1.06, while the coefficients of variation for quantitative traits ranged from 3.02% to 53.33%, with a mean value of 23.25%. The mean values of the variance components among and within provenances of C. oleifera were 53.591% and 32.382%, respectively, indicating that the phenotypic trait similarity within provenances of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources was high and that its variation mainly originated from within provenances. With the increase of latitude and decrease of annual mean temperature, the single fruit mass, seed kernel oil content and saturated fatty acid content of C. oleifera showed a decreasing trend, while the unsaturated fatty acid content showed an increasing trend, indicating that latitude and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors limiting the growth of C. oleifera. The comprehensive evaluation and ranking results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method showed that Changlin 4 had the highest comprehensive score index, and Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, Hunan regions had several selected excellent germplasms in the rank of top 30. These results can provide data support for breeding and seed promotionof C. oleifera.

Key words: Camellia oleifera    excellent germplasm resources    phenotypic trait    entropy-weighted TOPSIS method    comprehensive evaluation
收稿日期: 2023-12-18 出版日期: 2024-04-25
CLC:  S794.4  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(32260306);江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB215014)
通讯作者: 张剑     E-mail: 2286639921@qq.com;zhangjianlab@126.com
作者简介: 邢凯峰(https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5417-5151),E-mail:2286639921@qq.com
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引用本文:

邢凯峰,张剑,陈尚,张立冬,谢昊星,赵耀,戎俊. 普通油茶良种资源表型性状多样性分析与综合评价[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2024, 50(2): 244-257.

Kaifeng XING,Jian ZHANG,Shang CHEN,Lidong ZHANG,Haoxing XIE,Yao ZHAO,Jun RONG. Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 244-257.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.182        https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I2/244

数量性状

Quantitative trait

均值

Mean

标准差

Standard

deviation

极差

Range

最大值

Maximum

最小值

Minimum

变异系数

CV/%

多样性指数

H'

叶长 Leaf length/cm6.180.875.609.283.6814.081.32
叶宽 Leaf width/cm2.980.483.214.801.5916.110.86
叶形指数 Leaf shape index2.100.312.493.761.2714.760.72
平均单果质量 Average fruit mass/g21.4810.7481.8283.211.3950.001.42
鲜出籽率 Fresh seed yield/%42.478.2973.2079.386.1819.521.21
种仁含油率 Seed kernel oil content/%44.246.8758.8370.6311.8015.531.71
油酸含量 Oleic acid content/%81.282.8919.7989.8970.103.560.90
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content/%6.613.2317.0017.200.2048.870.89
亚麻酸含量 Linolenic acid content/%0.300.161.391.400.0153.331.17
硬脂酸含量 Stearic acid content/%2.100.695.926.040.1232.861.05
棕榈酸含量 Palmitic acid content/%8.601.3713.5613.860.3015.930.43
饱和脂肪酸含量 Saturated fatty acid content/%10.701.5713.9216.722.8014.670.66
不饱和脂肪酸含量 Unsaturated fatty acid content/%88.192.6621.7297.7276.003.020.81
表1  普通油茶良种资源13个数量性状的变异情况

表型性状

Phenotypic trait

种源间

Among provenances

种源内

Within provenances

随机误差

Random error

表型分化系数

Vst/%

均方

Mean

square

F

F value

方差分量

Variance

component/%

均方

Mean

square

F

F value

方差分量

Variance

component/%

均方

Mean

square

方差分量

Variance

component/%

均值

Mean

4.9998.10053.5915.0576.68232.3820.75814.02762.892
树形 Tree posture2.6112.704**53.3731.3161.36326.9010.96519.72666.488

嫩枝绒毛

Downy hairs on shoots

0.3680.28118.5860.3000.22915.1521.31266.26355.090

叶芽颜色

Leaf bud color

3.7926.007**61.9001.7032.69827.8000.63110.30069.008

叶芽绒毛

Leaf bud fluff

1.6053.583**65.4030.4010.89516.3410.44818.25680.010

嫩叶颜色

Young leaf color

5.0016.072**57.0832.9363.56433.5120.8249.40563.009

老叶颜色

Old leaf color

5.4876.083**19.04222.42624.863**77.8280.9023.13019.658

叶片形状

Leaf shape

12.86722.090**93.7420.2770.4752.0180.5824.24097.893

叶缘形状

Leaf margin shape

16.80054.871**89.0351.7635.758*9.3430.3061.62290.503

叶尖形状

Leaf tip shape

3.0403.914**79.4560.0090.0120.2350.77720.30899.705

叶基形状

Leaf base shape

4.3685.865**38.5396.2218.352**54.8880.7456.57341.250

叶长

Leaf length

1.9692.399**12.59812.83915.642**82.1490.8215.25313.297

叶宽

Leaf width

2.6562.862**19.5579.99710.772**73.6100.9286.83320.991

叶形指数

Leaf shape index

4.3885.115**82.4970.0730.0851.3720.85816.13198.364

萼片绒毛

Sepal villus

0.7131.10330.5880.9711.50141.6560.64727.75642.340

花瓣颜色

Petal color

0.3290.35821.3910.2910.31718.9210.91859.68853.065

雄蕊与雌蕊高度

Stamen and pistil heights

3.3773.478**44.4053.2573.35442.8270.97112.76850.904

柱头开裂

Column head cracks

8.0718.903**47.9027.8718.682**46.7150.9075.38350.627

子房绒毛

Ovarian villus

1.1611.65262.28500.00100.70337.715100.000

果实表面形状

Fruit surface shape

1.9722.742**38.6742.4083.34747.2250.71914.10145.023

果实形状

Fruit shape

8.04612.382**83.0680.9901.52310.2210.6506.71189.044

果实颜色

Fruit color

4.4494.878**61.6551.8552.03325.7070.91212.63970.574

平均单果质量

Average fruit mass

8.55211.592**92.0460.0010.0010.0110.7387.94399.988

鲜出籽率

Fresh seed yield

3.8293.912**68.5100.7810.79813.9740.97917.51783.059

种皮颜色

Testa color

5.7237.615**45.5226.0978.113**48.4970.7525.98248.418

种仁含油率

Seed kernel oil content

6.96310.945**66.3712.8924.546*27.5660.6366.06270.654

油酸含量

Oleic acid content

2.9063.013**25.3097.6127.893**66.2950.9648.39627.629

亚油酸含量

Linoleic acid content

4.4727.417**25.44412.50120.73671.1250.6033.43126.348

亚麻酸含量

Linolenic acid content

5.7597.298**51.7204.5875.813*41.1940.7897.08655.664

硬脂酸含量

Stearic acid content

3.5105.517**59.9791.7062.68129.1520.63610.86867.293

棕榈酸含量

Palmitic acid content

4.54510.749**91.2100.0150.0360.3010.4238.48999.671

饱和脂肪酸含量

Saturated fatty acid content

2.7202.715**59.3500.8610.85918.7871.00221.86375.956

不饱和脂肪酸含量

Unsaturated fatty acid content

2.7106.936**75.4870.4891.25313.6210.39110.89184.714

盛花期

Prime flowering period

15.93227.966**64.4528.21714.424**33.2420.5702.30665.974

果熟期

Fruit ripening period

9.26812.398**15.90348.26264.558**82.8130.7481.28416.110
表2  普通油茶良种资源表型性状方差分量及群体间表型分化系数

数量性状

Quantitative trait

叶长

Leaf

length

叶宽

Leaf

width

叶形指数

Leaf shape

index

平均单

果质量

Average

fruit mass

鲜出籽率

Fresh seed

yield

种仁含油率

Seed kernel

oil content

油酸含量

Oleic acid

content

亚油酸含量

Linoleic

acid content

亚麻酸含量

Linolenic

acid content

硬脂酸含量

Stearic acid

content

棕榈酸含量

Palmitic

acid content

饱和脂肪

酸含量

Saturated

fatty acid

content

不饱和脂肪

酸含量

Unsaturated

fatty acid

content

叶长

Leaf length

1.000

叶宽

Leaf width

0.456**1.000

叶形指数

Leaf shape index

0.255**-0.448**1.000

平均单果质量

Average fruit mass

0.135**0.141**-0.0051.000

鲜出籽率

Fresh seed yield

-0.084*-0.008-0.050-0.089*1.000

种仁含油率

Seed kernel oil content

0.0090.118**-0.092*0.0340.120**1.000

油酸含量

Oleic acid content

0.0160.066-0.0700.0510.0030.221**1.000

亚油酸含量

Linoleic acid content

-0.087*0.059-0.112**0.121**0.058-0.260**-0.573**1.000

亚麻酸含量

Linolenic acid content

0.0050.0020.010-0.0300.037-0.086-0.371**0.419**1.000

硬脂酸含量

Stearic acid content

0.081-0.0540.114**-0.063-0.084*0.245**0.260**-0.509**-0.172**1.000

棕榈酸含量

Palmitic acid content

0.041-0.127**0.145**-0.094*-0.0550.027-0.225**-0.248**-0.0080.190**1.000

饱和脂肪酸含量

Saturated fatty acid content

0.082-0.0530.110**-0.162**-0.068-0.022-0.259**-0.091*-0.0670.186**0.312**1.000

不饱和脂肪酸含量

Unsaturated fatty acid content

-0.0810.125**-0.159**0.258**0.033-0.0820.217**0.376**0.134**-0.357**-0.537**-0.516**1.000
表3  普通油茶良种资源13个数量性状的相关性分析

类群

Group

叶长

Leaf

length/

cm

叶宽

Leaf

width/

cm

叶形

指数

Leaf

shape

index

平均单

果质量

Average

fruit

mass/g

鲜出

籽率

Fresh

seed

yield/%

种仁

含油率

Seed

kernel oil

content/%

油酸含量Oleic

acid

content/%

亚油酸

含量

Linoleic

acid

content/%

硬脂酸

含量

Stearic

acid

content/%

棕榈酸

含量

Palmitic

acid

content/%

饱和脂肪

酸含量

Saturated

fatty acid

content/%

不饱和脂肪

酸含量

Unsaturated

fatty acid

content/%

16.2253.0672.05122.19842.96946.06881.6197.1991.9928.13110.12388.818
25.9793.0741.96626.63048.44050.98982.7796.3372.1647.6199.78289.116
35.9362.9272.04118.97744.90438.24780.3968.4421.7968.44410.24088.838
46.0852.9442.09327.75646.59834.95579.3138.6671.6839.22510.90887.980
55.8182.8112.09214.22252.93339.96079.8658.5981.7008.69610.39688.463
66.5722.8612.33212.38456.29048.15780.4112.5902.82710.20713.03583.001
76.1032.9852.06313.46739.49443.11081.9396.9972.0418.08810.12988.936
86.4952.8162.35313.54338.31044.20281.3961.1782.73210.55313.28582.574
96.2303.0142.09017.41631.95837.40280.6917.4692.0878.78710.87588.160
106.1333.0292.07012.34542.23653.69181.9734.6832.4898.92911.41886.656
116.2773.0022.12136.72142.95248.55982.9706.3832.0457.7019.74589.353
126.2693.0412.08932.69434.53444.26280.1287.4971.9889.05111.03987.625
136.9742.9402.41637.42912.88938.40078.7439.6001.7148.88610.60088.343
146.7703.1902.14059.00937.04240.11579.8218.2612.3799.16911.54888.082
表4  不同类群普通油茶良种资源表型性状的均值
图1  普通油茶良种资源13个数量性状的PCA特征值、贡献率和累计贡献率
图2  560份普通油茶良种资源基于12个数量性状的聚类分析
图3  普通油茶良种资源平均单果质量、种仁含油率、饱和脂肪酸含量、不饱和脂肪酸含量性状与纬度的相关性分析
图4  普通油茶种仁含油率、饱和脂肪酸含量、不饱和脂肪酸含量、平均单果质量性状与环境气候变量的相关性分析

数量性状

Quantitative trait

纬度

Latitude

Bio1Bio2Bio7Bio10Bio12
叶长 Leaf length0.043-0.004-0.166**00.0530.005
叶宽 Leaf width0.107*-0.137**0.100*0.019-0.153**-0.163**
叶形指数 Leaf shape index-0.0760.147**-0.281**-0.0220.222**0.183**
平均单果质量 Average fruit mass-0.357**0.288**0.046-0.392**-0.107*0.023
鲜出籽率 Fresh seed yield-0.0730.0050.082-0.059-0.101*0.014
种仁含油率 Seed kernel oil content-0.284**0.256**-0.074-0.219**0.0740.138**
油酸含量 Oleic acid content0.035-0.048-0.099*0.0800.0590.079
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content0.037-0.094*0.392**-0.093*-0.298**-0.359**
亚麻酸含量 Linolenic acid content-0.106*0.0090.267**-0.178**-0.287**-0.125**
硬脂酸含量 Stearic acid content-0.100*0.181**-0.253**00.266**0.274**
棕榈酸含量 Palmitic acid content-0.0780.159**-0.285**-0.0040.243**0.277**
饱和脂肪酸含量 Saturated fatty acid content-0.112**0.219**-0.361**-0.0030.330**0.363**
不饱和脂肪酸含量 Unsaturated fatty acid content0.087*-0.174**0.395**-0.033-0.322**-0.370**
表5  环境因子与普通油茶良种资源13个数量性状的相关性分析
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