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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2022, Vol. 48 Issue (2): 216-226    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.10.141
资源利用与环境保护     
基于地理信息系统和遥感技术的山核桃产区林地土壤质量退化评价
王罗其1,2(),傅伟军2,3,叶正钱1,2,马闪闪4,丁立忠4,赵科理1,2()
1.浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室（浙江农林大学），杭州 311300
2.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院，杭州 311300
3.浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室（浙江农林大学），杭州 311300
4.临安区农林技术推广中心，杭州 311300
Evaluation of soil quality degradation in Chinese hickory production area based on geographic information system and remote sensing technologies
Luoqi WANG1,2(),Weijun FU2,3,Zhengqian YE1,2,Shanshan MA4,Lizhong DING4,Keli ZHAO1,2()
1.Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang A&F University), Hangzhou 311300, China
2.College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
3.Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang A&F University), Hangzhou 311300, China
4.Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China
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摘要：

为全面提升山核桃林地土壤质量的整体水平，促进山核桃产业可持续健康发展，本研究以浙江临安典型山核桃产区为研究区，以植被覆盖度、坡度、土壤肥力和土壤污染情况作为土壤退化评价指标，采用模糊逻辑综合评价方法结合地理信息系统（geographic information system, GIS）、全球定位系统（global positioning system, GPS）、遥感（remote sensing, RS）的“3S”技术，进行林地土壤质量退化程度的空间分析，并提出相应管理意见。结果表明：研究区林地土壤肥力以中度退化为主，仅有1.65%的区域处在高度退化状态，主要集中于龙岗镇北部和清凉峰镇西南部；林地土壤污染整体处于较低水平，仅有6.35%的区域处于中高度以上污染退化水平，主要集中于岛石镇和湍口镇；山核桃林地土壤综合退化程度主要以中低度退化为主，占林地面积的66.50%，高度退化、中高度退化、中度退化和低度退化区域分别占林地面积的0.15%、2.44%、27.45%和3.46%，其中高度退化林地主要分布在清凉峰镇西南部和龙岗镇西部。本研究结果将为山核桃林地土壤质量提升和山核桃产业可持续发展提供理论依据。
关键词： 土壤质量退化;  山核桃;  空间异质性;  模糊综合评价    
Abstract:

In order to comprehensively improve the soil quality of Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) plantation and promote the sustainable and healthy development of hickory industry, a typical C. cathayensis plantation area (Lin’an District, Zhejiang Province) was selected for this study. Fractional vegetation cover, slope, soil fertility and soil pollution condition as evaluation indexes for soil degradation were considered. The spatial analysis of soil degradation degree for Chinese hickory plantation was carried out by fuzzy logic comprehensive evaluation method combined with geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and remote sensing (RS) technologies, and the corresponding management suggestions were put forward. The results showed that the soil fertility of plantation in the study area mainly belonged to the moderate degradation, and only 1.65% of the area was in a high degradation, which was centered in the north of Longgang Town and the southwest of Qingliangfeng Town. The overall soil pollution of the hickory plantation area was at a low level, only 6.35% of which was at a moderate to high degradation, mainly distributed in Daoshi and Tuankou towns. The comprehensive soil degradation of the hickory plantation mainly belonged to moderate and low degradation degrees, accounting for 66.50% of the study area. The high, moderate to high, moderate and low degradation areas accounted for 0.15%, 2.44%, 27.45% and 3.46% of the study area, respectively. The highly degraded hickory plantation was mainly distributed in the southwest of Qingliangfeng Town and the west of Longgang Town. The results will provide a theoretical basis for improving soil quality and the sustainable development of hickory property.
Key words: soil quality degradation    Chinese hickory    spatial heterogeneity    fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
收稿日期: 2021-10-14 出版日期: 2022-04-29
CLC:  S 158.1  
基金资助: 浙江省基础公益研究计划(LY20C160004);杭州市临安区《“临安山核桃”亮牌战略三年攻坚行动方案》项目
通讯作者: 赵科理     E-mail: 2019103011016@stu.zafu.edu.cn;kelizhao@zafu.edu.cn
作者简介: 王罗其（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-4239），E-mail：2019103011016@stu.zafu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

王罗其,傅伟军,叶正钱,马闪闪,丁立忠,赵科理. 基于地理信息系统和遥感技术的山核桃产区林地土壤质量退化评价[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(2): 216-226.

Luoqi WANG,Weijun FU,Zhengqian YE,Shanshan MA,Lizhong DING,Keli ZHAO. Evaluation of soil quality degradation in Chinese hickory production area based on geographic information system and remote sensing technologies. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(2): 216-226.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.10.141    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I2/216

图1  临安山核桃林地土壤采样点空间分布
养分 NutrientXaXbXc

碱解氮

Alkali-hydrolyzable N/(mg/kg)

60.0120.0180.0

有效磷

Available P/(mg/kg)

5.010.020.0

速效钾

Available K/(mg/kg)

50.080.0120.0
pH4.55.56.5

有机质

Organic matter/(g/kg)

10.020.030.0
表1  土壤养分分级标准［21］

元素

Element

风险筛选值 Risk screening value
pH≤5.55.5＜pH≤6.56.5＜pH≤7.5pH＞7.5
Cd0.30.30.30.6
Cu50.050.0100.0100.0
Ni60.070.0100.0190.0
Pb70.090.0120.0170.0
Cr150.0150.0200.0250.0
Zn200.0200.0250.0300.0
表2  土壤重金属污染评价标准［23］ (mg/kg)
图2  临安山核桃林地植被覆盖度（FVC）分级
图3  临安山核桃林地坡度分级

指标

Index

最小值

Min

中位数

Median

最大值

Max

平均值

Mean

标准差

Standard

deviation

变异系数

Coefficient

of variation/%

偏度

Skewness

峰度

Kurtosis

K-S
pH4.195.037.135.220.61711.81.23（0.18）1.22（2.69）0.000（0.074）
有机质 Organic matter/(g/kg)9.7030.7764.1031.601.0734.00.563.060.392

碱解氮

Alkali-hydrolyzable N/(mg/kg)

56.61155.83268.97155.4042.0827.00.282.880.728
有效磷 Available P/(mg/kg)1.376.3773.2813.3116.13121.02.17（0.15）4.56（2.03）0.000（0.375）
速效钾 Available K/(mg/kg)18.9077.50203.3685.3437.8344.00.943.650.077
表3  山核桃林地土壤养分含量描述性统计分析

指标

Index

低度退化

Low degradation

（＞2.7）

中低度退化

Low to moderate degradation（＞2.1～2.7）

中度退化

Moderate degradation

（＞1.5～2.1）

中高度退化

Moderate to high

degradation（＞0.9～1.5）

高度退化

High degradation

（≤0.9）

点位数

Number of points

01795743

百分比

Percentage/%

09.0250.2639.071.65
表4  土壤肥力退化程度分级结果
图4  临安山核桃林地土壤肥力退化空间分布

重金属

Heavy

metal

最小值

Min/

(mg/kg)

最大值

Max/

(mg/kg)

平均值

Mean/

(mg/kg)

标准差

Standard

deviation/

(mg/kg)

变异系数

Coefficient

of variation/%

偏度

Skewness

峰度

Kurtosis

K-S

背景值1）

Background

value1)/

(mg/kg)

标准值2）

Standard

value2)/

(mg/kg)

Pb5.71116.1028.3815.9756.302.98（－1.11）13.60（6.95）0.000（0.06）30.4670.00
Cd0.022.420.340.40120.202.19（0.145）5.18（2.5）0.000（0.14）0.130.30
Cu0.18133.8039.8426.6066.701.014.330.12030.5450.00
Zn28.04288.4084.2239.9747.502.21（－0.14）7.36（3.12）0.000（0.85）107.79200.00
Cr6.36123.4056.4822.1239.20－0.332.690.12095.91150.00
Ni2.2671.4028.1713.6948.600.322.990.51836.4860.00
表5  山核桃林地土壤重金属含量描述性统计分析

指标

Index

高度退化

High degradation

（＞3）

中高度退化

Moderate to high

degradation（＞2～3）

中度退化

Moderate degradation

（＞1～2）

中低度退化

Low to moderate

degradation（＞0.7～1）

低度退化

Low degradation

（≤0.7）

点位数

Number of points

2102630121

百分比

Percentage/%

1.065.2913.7615.8764.02
表6  土壤污染退化程度分级结果
图5  临安山核桃林地土壤污染退化空间分布

一级指标

First grade index

一级指标权重

Weight of the first

grade index

二级指标

Second grade index

二级指标权重

Weight of the second

grade index

综合权重

Comprehensive weight

土壤肥力综合指数

ISFI

0.406pH0.2600.105 5
有机质 Organic matter0.2400.097 4
有效磷 Available P0.1600.064 9
速效钾 Available K0.1600.064 9

碱解氮

Alkali-hydrolyzable N

0.1800.073 1

土壤污染综合指数

ISPI

0.281Cd0.1900.053 3
Cu0.1900.053 3
Zn0.1550.043 5
Pb0.1550.043 5
Ni0.1550.043 5
Cr0.1550.043 5
坡度 Slope0.179坡度 Slope0.1790.179 0
植被覆盖度 FVC0.134植被覆盖度 FVC0.1340.134 0
表7  基于层次分析法的土壤退化指标权重
图6  临安山核桃林地土壤综合退化空间分布

指标

Index

高度退化

High degradation

（＞0.80～1.00）

中高度退化

Moderate to high

degradation（＞0.60～0.80）

中度退化

Moderate degradation

（＞0.45～0.60）

中低度退化

Low to moderate

degradation（＞0.20～0.45）

低度退化

Low degradation

（≤0.20）

面积

Area/km2

0.457.3282.35199.5010.38

百分比

Percentage/%

0.152.4427.4566.503.46
表8  土壤综合退化程度分级结果
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