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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (5): 557-565    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.12.251
园艺学     
不同程度干旱对温州蜜柑树势和成花生理的影响
黄贝1(),王鹏1,2(),温明霞1,吴韶辉1,徐建国1,2
1.浙江省柑橘研究所，浙江 台州 318026
2.国家柑橘品种改良中心浙江分中心，浙江 台州 318026
Effects of different degrees of drought stress on plants and flowering physiology in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu ‘Yura’)
Bei HUANG1(),Peng WANG1,2(),Mingxia WEN1,Shaohui WU1,Jianguo XU1,2
1.Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou 318026, Zhejiang, China
2.Zhejiang Branch of National Citrus Variety Improvement Center, Taizhou 318026, Zhejiang, China
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摘要：

为探明温州蜜柑对干旱处理的响应以及经干旱处理后“成花素”基因FLOWERING LOCUS T（FT）和分生组织基因APETALA1（AP1）在茎和叶片中的表达谱，以两年生盆栽温州蜜柑‘由良’为实验材料，进行轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱处理，处理时间分别为20、30、40 d，追踪植株树势生理、成花生理以及成花相关基因FT和AP1相对表达量。结果表明：中度干旱胁迫30 d处理对温州蜜柑树势影响不大，花芽生理分化和形态学分化较其他处理组早，且FT和AP1基因的相对表达量最高。即中度干旱胁迫30 d不仅不会对树势造成严重损伤，而且是促进植株开花的较为适宜的干旱胁迫强度和时长，成花早的效应在基因表达水平上也得到了进一步验证。
关键词： 干旱胁迫;  温州蜜柑;  树势生理;  花芽分化;  基因转录水平    
Abstract:

In order to study the responses of Satsuma mandarin ‘Yura’ plants to different drought treatments and the relative expression levels of flowering related gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and meristem related gene APETALA1 (AP1), two-year-old Satsuma mandarin plants were treated with various degrees of limited water, including well watering (CK), light drought (LD), moderate drought (MD) and severe drought (SD), whose soil moisture were 15%-20%, 12%-15%, 8%-10%, and 4%-6%, respectively, and kept for 20, 30, and 40 d, respectively. After treatments, the plant physiology, flowering physiology and relative expression levels of flowering related genes FT and AP1 were tracked. The results indicated that the treatment of MD for 30 d affected the plant growth slightly and the physiological and morphological differentiations of flower buds were earlier than those of other treatment groups. The relative expression level of FT reached peak under the treatment of MD for 30 d, and the relative expression levels of AP1 in stems and leaves were higher at 30 d after MD treatment. In general, moderate drought for 30 d is the suitable inducement condition of flower bud’s morphological differentiation in Satsuma mandarin, and will not cause serious damage to trees. Also the effect of early flowering has also been further verified at the gene transcription level.
Key words: drought stress    Satsuma mandarin    plant physiology    flower bud differentiation    gene transcript level
收稿日期: 2020-12-25 出版日期: 2021-10-27
CLC:  S 666.1  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划子课题(2020YFD1000102);浙江省台州市科技计划(1801ny02);浙江省农业科学院青年人才培养项目(2020R27R08E01);国家现代农业（柑橘）产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27-02)
通讯作者: 王鹏     E-mail: Zj_citrus_hb@163.com;peter_wang81@163.com
作者简介: 黄贝（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-3851)，E-mail：Zj_citrus_hb@163.com
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引用本文:

黄贝,王鹏,温明霞,吴韶辉,徐建国. 不同程度干旱对温州蜜柑树势和成花生理的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(5): 557-565.

Bei HUANG,Peng WANG,Mingxia WEN,Shaohui WU,Jianguo XU. Effects of different degrees of drought stress on plants and flowering physiology in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu ‘Yura’). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(5): 557-565.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.12.251    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I5/557

图1  控水处理期间盆栽土壤绝对含水量
图2  不同程度干旱胁迫30 d组温州蜜柑花芽分化的形态特征A. 分化初期状态；B. 出现萼片（S）和花瓣原基（P）；C. 分化初期状态。
图3  不同程度干旱胁迫30 d组与CK组的温州蜜柑花序发育特征下图为上图红圈标注的花序放大图。
图4  不同程度干旱胁迫30 d组与CK组温州蜜柑花枝和坐果率的统计CK: Control group; LD: Light drought; MD: Moderate drought; SD: Severe drought.
图5  不同程度干旱胁迫下温州蜜柑茎（A1～A4）和叶片（B1～B4）叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素的含量以及叶绿素a/b的比值*表示在相同处理时间内在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。
图6  不同程度干旱胁迫下温州蜜柑茎和叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量*表示在相同处理时间内在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。
图7  不同程度干旱胁迫下温州蜜柑茎（A、C）和叶片（B、D）FT和AP1基因的相对表达量*表示在相同处理时间内在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=3。
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