不同缓释肥对蔬菜地氮素流失和重金属镉迁移的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.11.161

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (5): 619-627 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.11.161

资源利用与环境保护

不同缓释肥对蔬菜地氮素流失和重金属镉迁移的影响

张继宁^1,²(

),张鲜鲜^1,²,孙会峰^1,²,王从^1,²,周胜^1,²(

)

^1.上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所，上海 201403
^2.上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心，上海 201415

Effects of different slow release fertilizers on nitrogen loss and cadmium migration in vegetable fields

Jining ZHANG^1,²(

),Xianxian ZHANG^1,²,Huifeng SUN^1,²,Cong WANG^1,²,Sheng ZHOU^1,²(

)

^1.Institute of Eco-environmental Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
^2.Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Agriculture, Shanghai 201415, China

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摘要：

以受镉污染的菜田为供试土壤，研究硫、磷和矿石粉包衣缓释肥对土壤氮素流失和镉含量的影响。结果表明，与常规施肥处理相比，硫包衣、磷包衣和矿石粉包衣缓释肥处理的土壤中硝态氮（ $N O 3 －$ -N）和水溶性总氮（dissolved nitrogen, DN）含量分别增加5.6%～22.2%和29.6%～50.6%；淋出液中的 $N O 3 －$ -N和DN含量分别降低9.4%～17.4%和22.8%～31.8%，表明缓释肥处理减少了土壤中氮素流失。土壤电导率、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高33.5%～41.6%、63.1%～100.0%和27.3%～42.7%。与试验初期的土壤相比，3种缓释肥处理的土壤总镉和有效态镉含量分别降低了13.5%～16.4%和37.6%～48.0%。本研究结果表明，针对中轻度镉污染的土壤，包衣缓释肥可以实现受镉污染菜地的安全利用。这为科学利用缓释肥从源头削减面源污染和重金属累积提供了理论依据。

关键词： 蔬菜; 包衣; 镉; 面源污染; 土壤改良

Abstract:

Based on the experimented cadmium (Cd)-contaminated vegetable fields, the effects of slow release fertilizers (coated with sulfur, phosphate and attapulgite) on soil nitrogen loss and Cd contents were studied. The results showed that, compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment, the contents of $N O 3 －$ -N and dissolved nitrogen (DN) were improved by 5.6%-22.2% and 29.6%-50.6% in the soil samples, and the contents of $N O 3 －$ -N and DN in the leaching solution were decreased by 9.4%-17.4% and 22.8%-31.8%, respectively, indicating that slow release fertilizers could relieve nitrogen loss in soil. The soil electrical conductivity, available phosphorus and available potassium contents increased by 33.5%-41.6%, 63.1%-100.0% and 27.3%-42.7%, respectively. The contents of soil total Cd and available Cd were decreased by 13.5%-16.4% and 37.6%-48.0%, respectively, compared with those of the initial soil. The above results suggest that the coated slow release fertilizers can realize the safe utilization of mildly and moderately Cd contaminated vegetable fields. It provides a theoretical basis for the scientific application of slow release fertilizers to reduce non-point source pollution and heavy metal contamination in a vegetable field.

Key words: vegetable coating cadmium non-point source pollution soil improvement

收稿日期: 2020-11-16 出版日期: 2021-10-27

CLC:

S 153.6

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0801300);国家自然科学基金(41601315)

通讯作者: 周胜 E-mail: j.n.zhang@163.com;zhous@263.net

作者简介: 张继宁（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-7047），E-mail：j.n.zhang@163.com

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引用本文:

张继宁,张鲜鲜,孙会峰,王从,周胜. 不同缓释肥对蔬菜地氮素流失和重金属镉迁移的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(5): 619-627.

Jining ZHANG,Xianxian ZHANG,Huifeng SUN,Cong WANG,Sheng ZHOU. Effects of different slow release fertilizers on nitrogen loss and cadmium migration in vegetable fields. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(5): 619-627.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.11.161 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I5/619

表1 供试缓释肥的性质

图1 不同缓释肥处理对蔬菜产量（鲜质量）的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示同一种蔬菜不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表2 不同缓释肥处理对土壤养分含量的影响

图2 不同缓释肥处理对土壤中氮素含量的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示同一种氮素形态不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

图3 不同缓释肥处理对淋出液中氮素含量的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示同一种氮素形态不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

图4 不同缓释肥处理对蔬菜中总镉含量的影响短栅上不同小写字母表示同一种蔬菜不同处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表3 各茬蔬菜采收后土壤总镉和有效态镉含量 (mg/kg)

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