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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (2): 407-415    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.023
航空航天技术     
仿翠鸟水空跨介质航行器设计与入水分析
云忠1(),温猛1(),罗自荣2,陈龙1
1. 中南大学 机电工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083
2. 国防科技大学 智能科学学院，湖南 长沙 410008
Design and plunge-diving analysis of underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle of bionic kingfisher
Zhong YUN1(),Meng WEN1(),Zi-rong LUO2,Long CHEN1
1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2. School of Intelligent Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410008, China
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摘要：

为了满足水空跨介质航行器的推进需求，精简其动力系统，仿翠鸟设计由单一动力源驱动的水空跨介质航行器. 通过计算流体力学(CFD)软件仿真分析入水高度、入水角度和航行器密度等关键影响因素对航行器入水速度、深度和冲击加速度等动力学性能的影响，并与自然界翠鸟的入水性能进行对比. 结果表明：在入水角度一定时，增加入水高度将导致航行器所受的冲击加速度增量与入水深度增量的比值增大，从而提高相同条件下对结构强度的要求；在一定范围内航行器密度的增加有利于降低对结构强度的要求；当入水角度约为45°~60°时,所需结构强度最低. 在入水深度满足要求的情况下，应适当增大航行器的密度、减小入水高度，且航行器的最佳入水角度为45°~60°.
关键词： 仿生翠鸟;  水空跨介质航行器;  动力系统;  入水性能;  数值仿真    
Abstract:

A underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle of bionic kingfisher driven by a single power source was designed, in order to meet the propulsion requirements of underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle and simplify its power system. The effects of key influencing factors, such as water-inlet height, water-inlet angle and density of aircraft, on the dynamic performance such as water-inlet speed, depth and impact acceleration of the vehicle were analyzed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, and the simulated results were compared with the water-inlet performance of the natural kingfisher. Results show that increasing the water-inlet height will increase the ratio of the impact acceleration increment and the water-inlet depth increment of the aircraft when the water-inlet angle is fixed, thereby increasing the structural strength requirement under the same conditions. The increase in the density of the aircraft within a certain range is conducive to reducing the structural strength requirements, and the minimum structural strength required is obtained when the water-inlet angle is 45~60 degree. When the water-inlet depth meets the requirements, the density of the aircraft should be appropriately increased and the water-inlet height should be reduced, and the optimal water-inlet angle of the aircraft is 45~60 degree.
Key words: bionic kingfisher    underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle    power system    water-inlet performance    numerical simulation
收稿日期: 2019-01-05 出版日期: 2020-03-10
CLC:  TP 24  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51475465）；湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2018JJ2471）
作者简介: 云忠（1971—），男，博导，从事仿生机械研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-5967. E-mail： yunzhong@126.com
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引用本文:

云忠,温猛,罗自荣,陈龙. 仿翠鸟水空跨介质航行器设计与入水分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(2): 407-415.

Zhong YUN,Meng WEN,Zi-rong LUO,Long CHEN. Design and plunge-diving analysis of underwater-aerial transmedia vehicle of bionic kingfisher. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(2): 407-415.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.023    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I2/407

图 1  航行器与翠鸟气动布局的对应关系
图 2  仿生跨介质航行器的工作过程
参数 数值 参数 数值
质量 2.03 kg 密度 0.35 g/cm3
体长 600 mm 翼展 1 055 mm
空中飞行最大速度 18 m/s 水下航行最大速度 0.5 m/s
空中最大飞行时长 10 min 水下最大航行时长 10 min
最大起飞时长 30 s 最大降落时长 10 s
表 1  仿生跨介质航行器设计参数
图 3  仿生跨介质航行器推进系统
图 4  可折叠空用共轴双桨
图 5  折叠机翼示意图
图 6  航行器入水受力示意图
图 7  入水过程仿真流体域
图 8  航行器入水时参数设置示意图
图 9  航行器入水过程
图 10  航行器加速度、速度和质心位移随时间变化的曲线
图 11  评价指标η随入水高度、入水角度和航行器密度的变化曲线
图 12  翠鸟垂直入水时加速度、速度和位移随时间变化的曲线
图 13  航行器和翠鸟在0.5 m/s水流中的压力云图
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