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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (9): 1835-1842    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.023
环境工程     
饮用水厂排泥水及污泥中全氟化合物分布特征
孙敏,鲍俊信,徐蓓,周浩
河海大学 浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室 环境学院，江苏 南京， 210098
Distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in sludge wastewater and sludge from drinking water treamtment plant
Min SUN,Jun-xin BAO,Bei XU,Hao ZHOU
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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摘要：

针对饮用水中全氟化合物(PFCs)存在的潜在水质安全风险，为饮用水厂控制PFCs提供数据支持，探究长江南京段原水和饮用水厂常规处理工艺过程水、排泥水中5种PFCs的质量浓度和污泥中5种PFCs的质量分数分布特征，分析PFCs在絮凝沉淀、过滤工艺中的物料平衡，排泥水和污泥间的PFCs分配规律及阳离子交换量对污泥中PFCs分布影响. 结果表明：饮用水厂的原水、过程水和排泥水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的质量浓度最高，污泥中质量分数最高的为全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟癸酸(PFDA)和PFOS. 全氟丁酸(PFBA)、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA的泥-水分配系数与有机碳质量分数正相关，官能团是影响PFOS在泥-水间的分配规律的因素之一. 对于絮凝池和沉淀池前段污泥，粒径越大，PFCs质量分数越高；对于沉淀池中、后段和V型滤池污泥，粒径越小，PFCs质量分数越高；PFCs的质量分数与污泥中阳离子交换量(CEC)显著正相关.
关键词： 饮用水厂(DWTP);  全氟化合物(PFCs);  排泥水;  污泥;  物料平衡;  泥-水分配系数    
Abstract:

The distribution characteristics of five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Yangtze River raw water, process water, sludge wastewater and sludge in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were quantified, in view of the potential water quality safety risks of PFCs in drinking water, and to provide data support for DWTP controlled PFCs. Material balance of PFCs in flocculation, settling and filtration process was analyzed; the PFCs distribution between the sludge wastewater and sludge and the impact of cation exchange capacity (CEC) on PFCs distribution were analyzed. Results show that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are mainly distributed in raw water, process water and sludge wastewater in DWTP, while in sludge perfluoronnonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and PFOS are the main PFC contaminant. The sludge-water partition coefficient is positively correlated with the organic carbon fraction for perfluorabutyric acid (PFBA), PFOA, PFNA and PFDA; and the functional group is one of the factors affecting the distribution of PFOS. The PFCs mass fraction is higher in large size fractions from the flocculation tank and front of settling tank, while it is lower in large size fractions from the middle and rear sections of the settling tank and V-filter. A significantly positive correlation between PFCs mass fraction and CEC in sludge is observed.
Key words: drinking water treatment plant (DWTP)    perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)    sludge wastewater    sludge    material balance    sludge-water partition coefficient
收稿日期: 2018-07-13 出版日期: 2019-09-12
CLC:  TU 991  
作者简介: 孙敏（1969—），女，副教授，从事水处理技术研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-7165. E-mail: sunm@hhu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

孙敏,鲍俊信,徐蓓,周浩. 饮用水厂排泥水及污泥中全氟化合物分布特征[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(9): 1835-1842.

Min SUN,Jun-xin BAO,Bei XU,Hao ZHOU. Distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in sludge wastewater and sludge from drinking water treamtment plant. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(9): 1835-1842.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.023    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I9/1835

污泥样品 woc / % R0 / % wmetal / 10?31 w(CEC)/(cmol·kg?1)
>250 μm 63~250 μm <63 μm Al Fe Ca Mg
絮凝池 全粒径 8.39 19 19 62 79.67 44.21 20.06 11.69 79.24
>250 μm 11.15 — — — 94.79 48.58 17.06 12.12 95.32
63~250 μm 7.70 — — — 82.17 44.79 18.59 12.01 73.96
<63 μm 6.33 — — — 68.38 40.43 23.45 12.55 58.84
沉淀池 全粒径 9.01 15 19 66 78.58 43.63 20.87 12.15 82.60
>250 μm 6.74 — — — 96.25 48.67 15.08 11.62 60.04
63~250 μm 7.29 — — — 81.33 44.38 18.89 12.03 71.32
<63 μm 10.07 — — — 61.13 39.64 23.29 11.75 88.00
V型滤池 全粒径 7.98 — 24 76 75.33 40.63 15.75 10.49 67.08
63~250 μm 6.88 — — — 88.25 40.77 14.29 9.97 57.72
<63 μm 9.39 — — — 68.05 40.61 18.11 10.92 85.56
表 1  饮用水厂污泥的基本理化性质
图 1  饮用水厂(DWTP)原水、过程水、排泥水中PFCs的质量浓度和污泥中PFCs的质量分数
图 2  絮凝沉淀和过滤工艺中PFCs的物料平衡图
图 3  沉淀池和V型滤池中PFCs的物料平衡
排泥构筑物 R3 / % R4 / %
注：括号内为实际计算取值.
折板絮凝池 1.0~2.5 (2.5) 1.76~6.69 (3.0)
平流式沉淀池 2.0~5.5 (5.5) 0.16~2.27 (1.5)
V型滤池 3.0~6.0 (6.0) 0.04~0.27 (0.2)
表 2  饮用水厂各排泥构筑物的排泥水参数
PFCs η1 / % η2 / % PFCs η1 / % η2 / %
PFBA 98.41 99.45 PFDA 100.75 99.75
PFOA 98.05 99.94 PFOS 98.14 99.70
PFNA 99.02 99.78 — — —
表 3  絮凝沉淀和过滤工艺中PFCs的平衡率
图 4  污泥不同粒径组分中PFCs的质量分数
PFCs lg Kd lg Koc
PFBA 1.10±0.27 2.07±0.32
PFOA 1.22±0.16 2.23±0.16
PFNA 2.01±0.15 3.08±0.07
PFDA 2.29±0.23 3.36±0.14
PFOS 1.50±0.12 2.56±0.06
表 4  PFCs在污泥和排泥水间的分配系数
图 5  有机碳质量分数与PFCs水-污泥分配系数的相关性
图 6  污泥各组分中总PFCs质量分数与阳离子交换量(CEC)之间的相关性
相关性 w (PFBA) w (PFOA) w (PFNA) w (PFDA) w (PFOS) ws
注：**表示在0.01水平上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平上显著相关.
w (CEC) ?0.184 0.356 0.709** 0796** 0.531* 0.851**
表 5  饮用水厂污泥阳离子交换量(CEC)与PFCs质量分数的相关性分析
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