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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (10): 1993-2000    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.10.017
能源工程、机械工程     
高反照率屋顶对城市热岛及空调能耗的影响
梁锦1(),罗坤1,*(),王强1,杨续超2,樊建人1,张峻溪1
1. 浙江大学 能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310027
2. 浙江大学 海洋学院，浙江 舟山 316000
Effect of high-albedo roofs on urban heat island and air-conditioning energy consumption
Jin LIANG1(),Kun LUO1,*(),Qiang WANG1,Xu-chao YANG2,Jian-ren FAN1,Jun-xi ZHANG1
1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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摘要：

为了研究高反照率屋顶这一城市降温技术对夏季城市热岛效应的缓解作用及对空调制冷负荷的影响，以夏季高温频发的杭州市为例，选取2017年7月22日—28日作为典型高温时段，采用中尺度天气预报模式（WRF）耦合考虑建筑物能量交换的多层城市冠层参数化方案（BEP+BEM）进行数值模拟. 结果表明，反照率为0.85的屋顶使城市区域日均降温0.37 °C，城市热岛强度减小0.21 °C，城市热岛效应得到了一定程度的缓解，空调制冷负荷降低约5.3%；建筑物密集的商业区的降温和节能效果均优于低密度居住区；屋顶反照率与城区2 m气温及空调能耗均线性负相关.
关键词： 高反照率屋顶;  城市热岛;  空调能耗;  天气预报模式(WRF);  BEP+BEM方案    
Abstract:

The city of Hangzhou, where high temperature occurred frequently in summer, was selected as a typical high-temperature period of 22—28 July 2017 in order to analyze the mitigation effects of the high-albedo roofs, the urban cooling technology, on the urban heat island in summer and its impact on the cooling load of air-conditioning. The numerical simulation was performed using the weather research and forecasting model (WRF), coupled with the building energy model based on multi-layer building environment parameterization (BEP+BEM). Results show that the roofs with an albedo of 0.85 can reduce the average daily temperature of the urban area by 0.37 °C, while the urban heat island intensity decreases by 0.21 °C. The urban heat island is alleviated to some extent, and the air-conditioning refrigeration load is reduced by about 5.3%. High-albedo roofs show better cooling and energy-saving effects in buildings-intensive business districts than in low-density residential areas. The roof albedo is negatively correlated with the urban 2 m temperature and air-conditioning energy consumption.
Key words: high-albedo roofs    urban heat island    air-conditioning energy consumption    weather research and forecasting model (WRF)    building energy model based on multi-layer building environment parameterization (BEP+BEM)
收稿日期: 2019-09-18 出版日期: 2020-10-28
CLC:  P 49  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51666014）
通讯作者: 罗坤     E-mail: 21727011@zju.edu.cn;zjulk@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 梁锦（1994—），女，硕士生，从事城市热岛模拟的研究.orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-2540. E-mail： 21727011@zju.edu.cn
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梁锦
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樊建人
张峻溪

引用本文:

梁锦,罗坤,王强,杨续超,樊建人,张峻溪. 高反照率屋顶对城市热岛及空调能耗的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 1993-2000.

Jin LIANG,Kun LUO,Qiang WANG,Xu-chao YANG,Jian-ren FAN,Jun-xi ZHANG. Effect of high-albedo roofs on urban heat island and air-conditioning energy consumption. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(10): 1993-2000.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.10.017    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I10/1993

图 1  WRF模式的3层嵌套区域及d03区域土地利用类型
土地类型 建筑平均高度类型 wb / m ws / m αs,w dp /(人·m–2) Tac/K COP tac / h
注：1）百分数表示各类型建筑所占的比例.
LR 5 m, 15%1）；10 m, 70%；
15 m, 15% 		13 30 0.2 0.01 298 3.5 24
HR 10 m, 20%；15 m, 60%；
20 m, 20% 		17 25 0.2 0.01 298 3.5 24
CM 15 m, 10%；20 m, 25%；
25 m, 40%；30 m, 25% 		20 20 0.2 0.02 297 3.5 24
表 1  模拟案例（CTRL、ALB1、ALB2、ALB3）参数设置
图 2  CTRL案例2 m气温、相对湿度和10 m风速的模拟值与观测值对比
图 3  CTRL和ALB3案例在城市区域的各变量的平均值及差值的日变化
图 4  CTRL及ALB3城市区域的空调耗能及空调释放感热的日变化
图 5  CTRL及ALB3案例的空调耗能比较
城市区域类型 案例名称 t / °C UHII / °C WS10 /（m·s?1） EAC /（W·m?2）
CM CTRL 37.60 2.26 2.43 41.48
CM ALB3 37.10 1.93 2.08 39.88
CM ALB3?CTRL ?0.50 ?0.32 ?0.35 ?1.61
HR CTRL 37.06 1.72 2.85 19.96
HR ALB3 36.52 1.36 2.45 18.57
HR ALB3?CTRL ?0.53 ?0.35 ?0.40 ?1.38
LR CTRL 36.49 1.15 3.03 6.77
LR ALB3 36.07 0.91 2.64 6.14
LR ALB3?CTRL ?0.42 ?0.24 ?0.39 ?0.63
表 2  CTRL（对照组）和ALB3（屋顶反照率为0.85）不同城市区域白天的模拟结果对比
图 6  CTRL和ALB3案例夜间和白天的2 m气温比较
图 7  屋顶不同反照率与城区t、UHII、WS10、EAC的线性关系
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