抽穗期补充灌溉对河套灌区地膜春小麦生长的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.181

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (1): 21-31 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.181

作物栽培与生理

抽穗期补充灌溉对河套灌区地膜春小麦生长的影响

白岗栓^1,²(

),杜社妮^1,²,苗庆丰³

^1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
^2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
^3.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，呼和浩特 010020

Effects of supplementary irrigation on the growth of film-mulched spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area during heading stage

Gangshuan BAI^1,²(

),Sheni DU^1,²,Qingfeng MIAO³

^1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^3.Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China

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摘要：

为了提高地膜春小麦的千粒质量及产量，以河套灌区春小麦常规灌溉为对照，在地膜春小麦抽穗期分别补充灌溉90、70和50 mm水量，监测不同补灌量对土壤水分和地膜春小麦生长的影响。结果表明：抽穗期补充灌溉提高了地膜春小麦在扬花期、灌浆期及成熟期的土壤水分含量，且补灌量越大，土壤水分含量和土壤水分蒸散强度越高，春小麦的成熟期越晚，不孕小穗数越少，千粒质量及产量越高。而补灌量越少，春小麦的增产强度越高，但补充灌溉对地膜春小麦的经济系数、土壤水分利用效率、土壤水分生产效率无显著影响。总体而言，河套灌区地膜春小麦抽穗期补充灌溉50～70 mm水量，可有效提高地膜春小麦的千粒质量及产量。

关键词： 地膜春小麦; 抽穗期; 补充灌溉; 土壤水分; 千粒质量; 产量

Abstract:

In order to increase the 1 000-grain mass and yield of film-mulched spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area, we monitored the effects of different supplementary irrigation amounts of 90, 70 and 50 mm water during the heading stage, respectively, on soil moisture and growth of film-mulched spring wheat, taking the conventional irrigation as the control. The results showed that the soil moisture content of film-mulched spring wheat increased at the flowering stage, filling stage and maturity stage by different supplementary irrigation amounts during the heading stage; and the higher the supplementary irrigation amounts were, the higher the soil moisture content and soil moisture evapotranspiration strength, the later the maturity of spring wheat, the less the number of sterile spikelets, and the higher the 1 000-grain mass and grain yields were. The smaller the supple-mentary irrigation amounts were, the higher the yield increase intensity was, but the different supplementary irrigation amounts during the heading stage had no significant effect on the economic coefficient, soil water use efficiency and soil water production efficiency of film-mulched spring wheat. In conclusion, the water quantity of irrigation 50-70 mm should be supplemented in the Hetao irrigation area during the heading stage, which can effectively increase the 1 000-grain mass and yield of film-mulched spring wheat.

Key words: film-mulched spring wheat heading stage supplementary irrigation soil moisture thousand-grain mass yield

收稿日期: 2020-03-18 出版日期: 2021-03-09

CLC:

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划“黄土高原生态修复模式的格局-结构-功能关系”(2016YFC0501602)

通讯作者: 白岗栓 E-mail: gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn

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引用本文:

白岗栓,杜社妮,苗庆丰. 抽穗期补充灌溉对河套灌区地膜春小麦生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(1): 21-31.

Gangshuan BAI,Sheni DU,Qingfeng MIAO. Effects of supplementary irrigation on the growth of film-mulched spring wheat in Hetao irrigation area during heading stage. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(1): 21-31.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.181 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I1/21

图1 地膜春小麦试验小区示意图

表1 补灌前地膜春小麦生长状况

图2 播种前及抽穗期试验地土壤贮水量

图3 春小麦生长期间的降水量及灌溉量

图4 扬花期灌溉前不同处理的土壤贮水量

图5 灌浆期灌溉前不同处理的土壤贮水量

图6 成熟期收获前不同处理的土壤贮水量

表2 不同处理各生长期的土壤耗水量及土壤水分蒸散强度

表3 不同处理各生长期的地膜春小麦生长状况

表4 不同处理地膜春小麦的经济状况

表5 从播种至收获期不同处理地膜春小麦的产量及水分利用效率

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