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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (3): 295-302    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.07.152
综述     
昆虫N6-甲基腺嘌呤的研究进展
赵书荻1(),吴小锋1,2()
1.浙江大学动物科学学院蚕蜂研究所，杭州 310058
2.浙江省蚕蜂资源利用与创新研究重点实验室，杭州 310058
Research advance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in insect
Shudi ZHAO1(),Xiaofeng WU1,2()
1.Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要：

RNA修饰在真核生物的基因表达调控中具有重要意义，N 6-甲基腺嘌呤（N 6-methyladenosine, m6A）是RNA修饰中最常见的一种，可通过影响信使RNA（mRNA）的代谢过程来调控一系列生命活动。本文主要根据近年来在昆虫方面的相关研究成果，归纳了m6A调控酶和识别蛋白的作用机制和m6A动态调控的过程，分析了m6A在mRNA中的分布规律，总结了m6A在昆虫中的典型生物学功能。并从当前研究存在的空白与不足、有待进一步探索的科学问题等方面，对m6A未来在昆虫领域的研究前景进行了展望，以期为后续的研究与探索提供参考。
关键词： RNA修饰;  N 6-甲基腺嘌呤;  昆虫;  调控机制;  功能    
Abstract:

RNA modifications play vital roles in regulating gene expression of eukaryotes. The most prevalent RNA modification among them is N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is involved in a series of physiological activities. The mechanism of m6A regulatory enzymes as well as reader proteins, the process of m6A dynamic regulation, and the regular pattern of m6A distribution in mRNAs were introduced, and the typical biological functions of m6A mainly according to the recent progresses made in insects were summarized. Above the review, we preview the research and application prospects of m6A from the aspects of vacancies existing in current study and related phenomenon to be explain, aimed at forming the latest reference for exploration of m6A in insects.
Key words: RNA modification    N 6-methyladenosine (m6A)    insect    regulatory mechanism    function
收稿日期: 2020-07-15 出版日期: 2021-06-25
CLC:  Q 71  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31772675);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ20C170001)
通讯作者: 吴小锋     E-mail: 2667140402@qq.com;wuxiaofeng@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 赵书荻（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-9465），E-mail：2667140402@qq.com
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引用本文:

赵书荻,吴小锋. 昆虫N6-甲基腺嘌呤的研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(3): 295-302.

Shudi ZHAO,Xiaofeng WU. Research advance of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in insect. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(3): 295-302.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.07.152    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I3/295

图1  m6A的动态调控与识别蛋白
图2  不同物种m6A相关蛋白同源物系统进化分析A. m6A甲基转移酶；B. YTHDC1；C. YTHDC2；D. YTHDF1；E. YTHDF2；F. YTHDF3。Dr：斑马鱼；Dm：黑腹果蝇；Hs：人；Mm：小鼠； Rn：大鼠；At：拟南芥；Xl：非洲爪蟾；Sc：酿酒酵母；Bm：家蚕。
图3  m6A修饰在mRNA中的位置分布

蛋白

Protein

物种

Species

功能

Function

Ime4果蝇

参与Sxl的剪接，调控果蝇的性别

分化[18,38-40]；

调控神经系统发育，缺失后丧失飞

行和运动能力[40]；

通过激活Notch通路参与卵细胞的

产生[5]

BmMETTL3家蚕

维持细胞周期和中期纺锤体正常

排列[19]；

抑制杆状病毒VP39的表达[37]
METTL14果蝇调控果蝇神经系统的发育[40]；

调控Sxl的可变剪接，控制果蝇的性

别分化[38-39]

BmMETTL14家蚕

维持细胞周期和中期纺锤体正常

排列[19]；

抑制杆状病毒VP39的表达[37]
fl(2)d果蝇

参与Sxl的剪接，被敲除导致胚胎

死亡[41]；

控制视网膜发育[42]
Nito果蝇

调控Wnt信号通路和感光器的

发育[43]；

参与Sxl的可变剪接[44]
YTH521-B果蝇

参与Sxl的可变剪接和神经系统

的发育[40]

BmYTHDF3家蚕抑制杆状病毒VP39的表达[37]
表1  m6A相关蛋白的生物学功能
图4  Sxl介导性别分化的下游通路
图5  Sxl mRNA的可变剪接
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