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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (2): 243-250    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.081
动物科学与动物医学     
辣木叶粉对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能及血清抗氧化指标的影响
王志刚(),徐超,李霞辉,林诗宇,杜夏夏,冉崇霖,舒刚()
1. 四川农业大学动物医学院，成都 611130
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on production performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of quails
Zhigang WANG(),Chao XU,Xiahui LI,Shiyu LIN,Xiaxia DU,Chonglin RAN,Gang SHU()
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity, Chengdu 611130, China
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摘要：

通过在鹌鹑日粮中添加不同剂量辣木叶粉，探究其对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明：添加2%、4%辣木叶粉能显著提高鹌鹑15、21、28日龄体质量(P＜0.05)，添加4%辣木叶粉能显著提高鹌鹑35日龄体质量(P＜0.05)；添加2%辣木叶粉能显著提高鹌鹑7～35日龄平均日增质量，显著降低料质量比(P＜0.05)；添加4%辣木叶粉能显著提高7～35日龄鹌鹑平均日增质量，显著降低料质量比(P＜0.05)；添加2%、4%、8%辣木叶粉能显著降低鹌鹑7～35日龄料质量比(P＜0.05)。21日龄时，添加4%、8%辣木叶粉显著提高鹌鹑脾脏指数、血清总超氧化物歧化酶活力(P＜0.05)，显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P＜0.05)；添加8%辣木叶粉显著提高法氏囊指数、血清新城疫抗体水平和总抗氧化能力(P＜0.05)。35 日龄时，添加4%、8%辣木叶粉显著提高脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、血清新城疫抗体水平、白介素-2含量、γ-干扰素含量和总抗氧化能力(P＜0.05)，显著降低丙二醛含量(P＜0.05)；添加8%辣木叶粉显著提高胸腺指数(P＜0.05)。综合考虑，4%辣木叶粉为最佳添加剂量。
关键词： 辣木叶粉;  鹌鹑;  生产性能;  免疫功能;  抗氧化能力    
Abstract:

In order to study the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powderon production performance, immune function and serum antioxidant indices of quails, different doses of M. oleifera leaf powder were added into basal diets. The results showed that the groups within 2% and 4% M. oleifera leaf power could significantly improve the average body mass of 15, 21 and 28 day-old quails (P＜0.05), and the group within 4% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the average body mass of 35 day-old quails (P＜0.05); the group of 2% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the average daily gain and decrease the feed conversion ratio of 7-35 day-old quails (P＜0.05); the group of 4% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the average daily gain of 7-35 day-old quails and decrease the feed conversion ratio in the whole experimental period (P＜0.05); the group of 2%,4%,8% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly decrease the feed conversion ratio of 7-35 day-old quails (P＜0.05). At the age of 21 day-old, the groups of 4% and 8% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the spleen index and serum total superoxide dismutase activity and decrease the serum MDA content (P＜0.05); the group of 8% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the bursa index, Newcastle disease virus antibody (NDV-Ab) level and serum total antioxidant capacity (P＜0.05). At the age of 35 day-old, the group of 4% and 8% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the spleen index, the bursa index, NDV-Ab level, contents of IL-2 and interferon (INF)-γ, and total antioxidant capacity and decrease the serum MDA content (P＜0.05); the group of 8% M. oleifera leaf powder could significantly improve the thymus index (P＜0.05). In conclusion, the best amount of addition is 4% of M. oleifera leaf powder.
Key words: Moringa oleifera leaf powder    quail    production performance    immune function    antioxidant capacity
收稿日期: 2018-03-08 出版日期: 2019-04-25
CLC:  S 828  
基金资助: 肉类加工四川省重点实验室开放基金(201616r20)
通讯作者: 舒刚     E-mail: 1209685440@qq.com;dyysg2005@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介: 王志刚（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-9383），E-mail： 1209685440@qq.com|舒刚（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0610-9635），E-mail： dyysg2005@sicau.edu.cn
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王志刚
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引用本文:

王志刚,徐超,李霞辉,林诗宇,杜夏夏,冉崇霖,舒刚. 辣木叶粉对鹌鹑生产性能、免疫功能及血清抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(2): 243-250.

Zhigang WANG,Chao XU,Xiahui LI,Shiyu LIN,Xiaxia DU,Chonglin RAN,Gang SHU. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder on production performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of quails. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(2): 243-250.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.081    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I2/243

原料组成

Composition of raw materials

 w/%

营养成分

Nutritional ingredient

 w/%
玉米 Corn 50.09 粗蛋白 Crude protein 24.13
豆粕 Soybean meal 42.10 赖氨酸 Lysine 1.30
豆油 Soya bean oil 2.40 蛋氨酸 Methionine 0.51
玉米蛋白粉 Corn protein powder 2.00 钙 Calcium 0.81
磷酸氢钙 Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.70 磷 Phosphorus 0.31
鱼粉 Fish meal 1.25 代谢能 Metabolizable energy/(MJ/kg) 12.13
食盐 Salt 0.30
D/L-蛋氨酸 D/L-methionine 0.13
赖氨酸 Lysine 0.03
预混料1） Premixture 1) 1.00
合计 Total 100
表1  基础日粮组成及营养成分

营养成分

Nutritional composition

辣木叶粉

M. oleifera leaf

powder

空白组

Control

group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf

group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group
代谢能 Metabolizable energy/(MJ/kg) 18.70 12.13 12.26 12.38 12.62
粗蛋白 Crude protein/% 23.94 24.13 24.13 24.12 24.12
赖氨酸 Lysine/% 1.27 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30
蛋氨酸 Methionine/% 0.30 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.49
钙 Calcium/% 2.30 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.92
磷 Phosphorus/% 0.39 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
表2  辣木叶粉及各组饲粮处理组主要营养成分（干物质基础）

指标

Index

日龄

Day-old

空白组

Control group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group

体质量

Body mass/g

 7 27.20±0.38 27.18±0.81 26.60±0.86 26.95±0.66
15 52.03±0.59b 53.94±0.99a 54.47±1.38a 51.43±1.01b
21 78.07±1.59b 81.91±1.64a 83.22±0.66a 79.29±1.86b
28 98.74±2.56b 104.19±2.78a 105.81±1.39a 99.87±2.75b
35 118.28±3.34bc 125.82±4.69ab 129.37±2.76a 120.28±4.76bc

平均日采食量

Average daily feed intake/g

 7～14 8.33±0.09a 8.41±0.12a 8.43±0.14a 7.74±0.26b
15～21 12.02±0.32ab 12.43±0.44a 12.51±0.28a 11.72±0.50b
22～28 17.38±0.60 18.19±0.94 18.51±1.01 17.37±0.77
29～35 22.14±1.00 23.35±0.60 23.23±1.10 22.19±0.93
7～35 14.97±0.49ab 15.59±0.52ab 15.67±0.62a 14.76±0.61b

平均日增质量

Average daily gain/g

 7～14 3.55±0.09b 3.82±0.17a 3.98±0.27a 3.50±0.15b
15～21 3.72±0.17b 4.00±0.21a 4.11±0.21a 3.98±0.16ab
22～28 2.95±0.14b 3.18±0.17a 3.23±0.18a 2.94±0.14b
29～35 2.79±0.13b 3.09±0.28ab 3.37±0.21a 2.92±0.31ab
7～35 3.25±0.12c 3.52±0.19ab 3.67±0.07a 3.33±0.19bc

料质量比

Feed conversion ratio

 7～14 2.35±0.04a 2.20±0.07b 2.13±0.07b 2.21±0.04b
15～21 3.24±0.07a 3.11±0.09b 3.05±0.05b 2.95±0.01c
22～28 5.89±0.10a 5.72±0.02b 5.74±0.11b 5.91±0.10a
29～35 7.94±0.06a 7.59±0.54a 6.90±0.18b 7.65±0.49a
7～35 4.60±0.02a 4.43±0.10b 4.27±0.11c 4.43±0.07b
表3  添加辣木叶粉对鹌鹑生产性能的影响（n=1 600）

日龄

Day-old

指标

Index

空白组

Control group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group
21 脾脏指数 Spleen index 0.53±0.06c 0.58±0.06bc 0.63±0.07b 0.72±0.10a
胸腺指数 Thymus index 2.72±0.35 2.82±0.41 3.10±0.56 3.11±0.47
法氏囊指数 Bursa index 1.48±0.22b 1.50±0.38b 1.62±0.37ab 1.82±0.15a
35 脾脏指数 Spleen index 0.56±0.07b 0.66±0.09ab 0.75±0.17a 0.81±0.13a
胸腺指数 Thymus index 1.84±0.13b 1.92±0.19b 1.96±0.16ab 2.17±0.22a
法氏囊指数 Bursa index 1.05±0.14b 1.11±0.27ab 1.27±0.14a 1.32±0.11a
表4  添加辣木叶粉对鹌鹑免疫器官指数的影响（n=48）

日龄

Day-old

空白组

Control group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group
21 5.55±0.36b 5.66±0.41ab 5.86±0.49ab 6.31±0.66a
35 8.29±0.45b 8.54±0.43ab 8.94±0.44a 9.13±0.54a
表5  添加辣木叶粉对鹌鹑新城疫抗体水平的影响（n=48）

指标

Index

空白组

Control group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group

ρ(总蛋白)

Total protein content/(g/L)

 21.06±2.60 20.76±2.92 22.04±4.56 21.56±3.36

ρ(白蛋白)

Albumin content/(g/L)

 13.20±0.84 13.51±1.71 13.90±1.07 14.29±1.21

ρ(白介素2)

IL-2 content/(pg/mL)

 23.42±2.16c 25.05±0.93bc 26.74±1.72ab 28.36±3.06a

ρ(γ-干扰素)

IFN-γ content/(pg/mL)

 17.21±2.07b 19.97±5.90ab 23.44±3.10a 23.91±4.62a
表6  添加辣木叶粉对鹌鹑血清蛋白和细胞因子的影响（n=48）

日龄

Day-old

指标

Index

空白组

Control group

2%辣木叶组

2% M. oleifera leaf group

4%辣木叶组

4% M. oleifera leaf group

8%辣木叶组

8% M. oleifera leaf group
21

总超氧化物歧化酶活力

T-SOD activity/(U/mL)

 86.37±9.02c 94.51±8.92bc 104.90±9.39ab 114.19±13.33a

总抗氧化能力

T-AOC/(mmol/mL)

 12.95±1.20b 14.31±2.83ab 14.10±1.67ab 16.14±2.26a

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力

GSH-PX activity/(mU/mL)

 163.59±15.22 168.05±11.12 176.25±12.86 179.76±14.91

丙二醛浓度

MDA content/(mmol/mL)

 10.21±2.53a 9.19±1.78ab 7.21±1.88b 6.53±0.78b
35

总超氧化物歧化酶活力

T-SOD activity/(U/mL)

 94.59±9.29b 102.71±7.03b 120.24±19.21ab 127.78±19.23a

总抗氧化能力

T-AOC/(mmol/mL)

 15.32±1.52b 16.85±3.77ab 19.88±2.59a 20.28±3.37a

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力

GSH-PX activity/(mU/mL)

 176.38±18.92 184.56±15.61 195.06±12.25 201.86±22.88

丙二醛浓度

MDA content/(mmol/mL)

 10.57±1.78a 7.74±0.95b 6.85±2.76b 6.26±1.55b
表7  添加辣木叶粉对鹌鹑血清抗氧化指标的影响（n=48）
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