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| Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress induced by Cu2+ in prostate cells |
| Hong-zhou Meng, Xiao-feng Ni, Hai-ning Yu, Shan-shan Wang, Sheng-rong Shen |
| Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China |
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Abstract Astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid molecule extensively found in marine organisms and increasingly used as a dietary supplement, has been reported to have beneficial effects against oxidative stress. In the current paper, the effects of AST on viability of prostate cells were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry; the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer; and activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated by a detection kit. The results show that copper ion (Cu2+) induced apoptosis, along with the accumulation of intracellular ROS and MDA, in both prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PC-3). AST treatments could decrease the MDA levels, increase MMP, and keep ROS stable in RWPE-1 cell line. An addition of AST decreased the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities in PC-3 cell line treated with Cu2+, but had a contrary reaction in RWPE-1 cell lines. In conclusion, AST could contribute to protecting RWPE-1 cells against Cu2+-induced injuries but could cause damage to the antioxidant enzyme system in PC-3 cells.
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Received: 30 November 2015
Published: 26 January 2017
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