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JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY 2010 Vol.40 Number 5
2010, Vol.40 Num.5
Online: 2010-09-10

Article
 
Article
5 Barry Buzan
Globalization and Identity :Is World Society Possible ?
This article questions the argument that culture , and therefore identity , is the sector most resistant to globalization ,and its corollary that in terms of identity humankind will remain fragmented .It reviews perspectives on collective identity drawn from historical , theoretical and security logics ,and argues that while there are powerful forces underpinning cultural diversity , there are also significant holes in the view that a universal human identity is impossible . The paper concludes by arguing that there is a significant logic of cultural syncretism , which means that there is less of a contradiction between parochial and cosmopolitan identities than might at first glance seem to be the case .A kind of world societyis possible ,and is emerging among both states and people alongside their parochial identities and not in fundamental conflict with them .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 5-14 [Abstract] ( 1695 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1342KB] ( 2544 )
15 Xie Jian
On National Identity under Globalization :The Case of the Chinese in Southeast Asia

Under the background of globalization , the national identity and cultural identity held by overseas Chinese are closely related to the population distribution and the professions they are in , the policy evolution and thecurrent policy of the residence countries ,and the reactions on the part of resident Chinese as well . Generally , if a country takes drastic policies toward Chinese , which may take the form of″racial great wall″a iming toisolate Chinese by setting restrictions on their religion and residence , the overseas Chinese usually find it hard to integrate into and be identified with that country .In some extreme cases ,overseas Chinese would stick to the identity of their motherland and cultures . On the contrary , in the countries adopting inclusive policies , the Chinese will most probably integrate themselves into the local society and gain easy access to the nationality . However , there is one thing in common—even if the overseas Chinese have acquired the nationality of the country of residence , they would still preserve their cultural identity of Chinese , which is particularly true among the Hakkas , one of the subgroups of Han nationality .

2010 Vol. 40 (5): 15-26 [Abstract] ( 4210 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1367KB] ( 6179 )
27 Hu Kexian Wei Na
New Historical Materials of Poets' Deeds in the Tang Dynasty
Recently unearthed documents have opened new opportunities for research into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty . The newly discovered documents offer the potential for extensive research into the poets during this dynasty , such as Cui Hao's appointed official position , Han Yu's friends , and the position of Miao Fa within his family . Wrong information from the poets'biographies ,as described in the official history books , can be corrected with this new information . With the discovery of these documents ,research into the poetry of the Tang Dynasty can be expanded .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 27-35 [Abstract] ( 3104 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1351KB] ( 4366 )
36 Shizunaga Takeshi
On the Original Relationship between the Spread of Chinese Classics to Japan and the″Horse″
When and how did the Chinese characters and Chinese classics spread to Japan?Why did the Japanese ancestors take theinitiative toabsorb the profound Chineseculture and thoughts which were not practical in daily life?This is a crucial issue which has received no in-depth study in the Chinese cultural studies in East Asia . A study of the inheritance relationship between the Chinese classics and the″horse″and the historical data on Japan and China reveals that the East Asian nations around China appreciated the profound civilization of Chinese characters through Xiangma Jing and similar books . This led to an important step toward the study of Confucian classics and the active admission of Chinese culture and thoughts so that a cultural circle with Chinese characters at the centre gradually formed in East Asia .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 36-43 [Abstract] ( 1400 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1328KB] ( 2223 )
44 Chen Chong
On the Spread of Baishi Wenji to Japan by Hui E and the First Temple on Putuo-Luojia Mountain

hrough interpreting Hui E's twelve prefaces in the existing Baishi Wenji collected by Kanazawa-Bunko Museum ,we can determine the actual process of the spread of the 70 volumes of Baishi Wenji to Japan . The research on Hui E's life helps to discover the close relationship between Baishi Wenji and the historical background of Zen's initial spread to Japan . Baishi Wenji is not only a canonical collection of essays in Japan , but an important Buddhist classics guiding the public to the Pure Land . Bai Juyi himself was worshipped as Manjusri buddisattva and was enshrined in the Putuo-Luojia Mountain by Hui E instead of the Mercy Buddha Temple . Bai had a great influence on the scholars'B uddhist belief in Japan's Heian and Kamakura ages .It is also one of the core reasons that Baishi Wenji becomes a cornerstone of Japanese classical culture .

2010 Vol. 40 (5): 44-54 [Abstract] ( 4430 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1374KB] ( 3769 )
55 Yan Qiamao Xiong Juan
Examination of the Composer and the Translator of the Buddhist Sutra : Pusa Benyuan Jing

It is generally believed that Pusa Benyuan Jing was written by SengjiaSina and translated by Zhi Qian of the Wu Dynasty . After examining Sengjia Sina's life and the circumstances in which this scripture was compiled , however , our finding is that the compiler is uncertain . An analysis of lexical words like″Diliao″,″Moujia″,″Nirvāna″,″Mahoraga″,″A sura″and″Sphatika″,and grammatical features like theinterrogative adverbial″jiangfei″,the modals″ye″and″hu″,andthepassive voice structureshows that the translator is not Zhi Qian . The unique outer structure of the scripture also distinguishes it in formfrom all the attributed translated scriptures of Zhi Qian . The philological , linguistic and textual features of the scripture support our conclusion that the compiler of this scripture is unknown and the translator is not Zhi Qian ,and the translation time should be later than the Wu Dynasty ,or probably after the Western Jin Dynasty .

2010 Vol. 40 (5): 55-63 [Abstract] ( 3444 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1349KB] ( 3172 )
64 Lin Ka Zhao Huaijuan
Progress in the Study of″East Asian Welfare Model″and Its Problems
In the last decade ,a new topical area of East Asia welfare studies has been formulated , which has significance to an enhanced understanding of the features of social policies of East Asian societies . In this research field , scholars intend to interpret the features of the welfare systems in East Asia from various perspectives . Notions including Confucian welfare cluster , East Asian welfare regime ,the productivist social policy model , are all explored with a purpose to revealing the causes of development of this welfare model from the cultural , economic and political perspectives .Nevertheless , so far , a number of key issues related to this topic remain unanswered ,and the extent of development in this research fieldis still limited .Obstacles of this development are of two kinds ,onecaused by the research objectives and the other by the research process .In the later case , the difficulties refer to the factors including the lack of an effective conceptual framework in support of such analysis , the ambiguousness in the direction of this development and the shortage of the useful data basis for the discussion , etc . To tackle these problems , the authors propose that conceptual debates should be avoided under current circumstances;research teams should be organized to reinforce the thematic studies;data should be collected in accordance with defined standards;and the regional cooperation should be promoted among scholars with shared interests to reach academic goals .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 64-72 [Abstract] ( 1570 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1340KB] ( 3548 )
73 Yang Shengyi Cai Xuchang Yu Jianxing
Quasi-Market Mechanism of Government Purchasing Employment Training Services and Its Application
Constructing quasi-markets in local government purchasing employment training services is an important mechanism to resolve the labor training dilemma , which also has important practical significance . Quasi-market is a new public services delivery mechanism . It looks for breaking down government monopoly in public services delivery by the participation of multipl-suppliers in the delivery system .By introducing the market competition doctrine into the quasi-market ,public service's delivery will become more effective as there are more suppliers and more competition . Compared with the traditional training service mechanism , quasi-market mechanism in public employment training service has two characteristics .One is to emphasize on separating the training service's purchaser (principal) from the training service's supplier (agent) effectively , constructing a competitive training market among public employment training centers ,non-profit training organizations and private ones . Another is emphasizing the trainees'options . In order to construct a quasi-market , the government must try to create necessary application conditions ,such as market structure ,information mechanism , transaction condition , motivation mechanism ,and so on .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 73-81 [Abstract] ( 6750 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1333KB] ( 5141 )
82 Liu Jun Wang Qiuzhen Chen Hun
Content Analysis of E-Business Model Definition
As a concept which describes the value-creation process of enterprises , e-business model becomes a hot topic among researchers with the development of world-wide e-business . However ,researchers have developed various theoretical viewpoints , which makes it difficult to build a unified framework of e-business model .By carrying out content analysis of articles with the term″e-business model″in their title or abstract in the CNKI Chinese journal database , we find that the most popular definition reflects thevalue-creation natureof business model ,and that domestic definitions about e-business model favor operation and technical implementation over a global three-dimensional model definition from economic , strategic and operational perspectives . However ,trend analysis shows that the proportion of strategy-oriented definitions is going up , especially in recent years , whereas that of operation-oriented definitions is declining . This is an indication that a strategic client/value-oriented perspective will be the trend in future e-business model definitions .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 82-91 [Abstract] ( 6237 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1345KB] ( 5020 )
90 Chen Jun Chen Hanwen Wu Donghui
Ex ante Uncertainty Risk ,Governance Conflicts ,and Auditor Choice : Empirical Evidence from China's IPO Market ,1998--2004
To understand the economic role played by independent auditing in China's transition economy and evaluate the performance of independent auditing system , it is important to investigate the demand for audit services as well as the evolution of the system . Based on the marketization reform of Initial Public Offering (IPO) in China , this paper examines the issue empirically from both the information demand and the monitoring demand perspectives . We find that ,on the one hand , the demand for high-quality auditing increases with the progress of IPO marketization reform .IPOfirms with lower uncertainty risk are more likely to select high-quality auditors after the implementation of authorization system . On the other hand , although the governance conflicts between managersandshareholderscreate the demand for high-qualityauditing ,the inadequacy of effective market constraint mechanisms results in governance conflicts between controlling and minority shareholders and reduces the demand for high-quality auditing . The″a bsentee owner″problem for the statecontrolling shareholdersfurther weakens such ademand .Our findings suggest that the demand for high-quality auditing in China's capital market is not likely to increase unless the governance problemassociated with controlling shareholders is addressed .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 90-103 [Abstract] ( 1511 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1366KB] ( 2500 )
104 Song Huasheng He Lili Zhu Xiwei
Dual Integration ,Agglomeration and Regional Coordination
International integration and regional integration have different effects on a country . Increased international integration initially enlarges regional gap in terms of industrial size , but then narrows it , which means that any level of international integration benefits balanced development between regions .By contrast ,increased regional integration attracts more economic activities to that country , but leads to larger regional gap . In terms of welfare effects , when a country gradually increases its international integration ,the welfare level of its consumers firstly rises ,but then drops , while foreign consumers'welfare level is always on the rise . When a country upgrades regional integration , its own consumers'welfare always increases , while the opposite is true for foreign consumers .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 104-115 [Abstract] ( 3810 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1388KB] ( 3111 )
116 Jin Xiangrong Yu Dongyun
Industrial Characteristics ,Innovative Efficiency and Regional Economic Growth
As the inputs of innovation increase steadily in each province , the outputs don't increase at the same rate . The disparity in innovation efficiency becomes larger . Industry is the linkage between innovation and regional economic growth . Regional industry's type and foundation are the crucial factors which influence the innovational efficiency . Through the empirical studies in china ,we come to the conclusion that ,except in East China ,innovation isn't the factor of regional growth .In Central China ,innovational inputs rise faster than innovational outputs .In West China , the more inputs of innovation , the fewer outputs . In East China , the reason for the high innovation efficiency is that it has many high tech industries ,large-scale FDI and a large variety of different industries .But the international trade and the enterprise size do not improve the innovational efficiency .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 116-125 [Abstract] ( 4229 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1370KB] ( 4064 )
126 Zhang Xiaodi Zhang Chi
Dynamic Comparative Advantage Gained through Organizational Innovation of Industrial Cluster :A Case Study of Shaoxing
Based on an analysis of Shaoxing textile cluster , this article explores the role of the organizational innovation of industrial clusters in gaininga dynamiccomparative advantage for the developing countries . It suggests that the factor prices and the transaction costs of individual firms are reduced as a result of the organizational innovation at the cluster level . This is shown empirically in the case of China Textile City , a local industrial cluster , where the operational performance and the rate of capital accumulation have been significantly improved . During the evolutionary process , the capital endowment of the industrial cluster changes from relatively scarce to relatively abundant .The price of the capital factor falls correspondingly .Consequently , the enterprises tend to use more of the capital factor in their economic activities . A substantial increase in the capital intensity of commodities would occur , enabling developing countries such as China to acquire the dynamic comparative advantage in the global competition .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 126-134 [Abstract] ( 4019 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1419KB] ( 2959 )
135 Jin Xuejun Wang Yizhong
Asymmetrical of Financial Globalization , the Subprime Crisis and the New Type of Global Financial Crisis
Asymmetrical financial globalization implies that developing countries have to bear greater costs and risks than developed countries . It is a problem of the global system and is the underlying cause of the subprime crisis and the new type of global financial crisis . It is also the international system framework which China has toconfront in its future development .By means of an implementation mechanism , China may change its role in the asymmetrical financial globalization , thus shifting from passively taking risks to actively dispersing them , and turning into a great power with coordinated development of its virtual economy and real economy .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 135-143 [Abstract] ( 4059 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1392KB] ( 3572 )
144 Ma Shuzhong Zheng Bowen
Review of the Relationship between the Export Behavior and Productivity in Chinese Enterprises :2001--2007
Based on the measurements of 227 Chinese listed companies'productivity during the period 2001--2007 , and of the self-selection effect and learning-by-exporting effect in Chinese export enterprises ,we find no significant differences in productivity between would-be exporting enterprises and non-exporting ones . The productivity in would-be exporting enterprises is not apparently higher than non-exportingenterprises ,which indicates theabsence of the self-selection effect and proves the significant influence of the export factor on enterprises'e xport overflow .At the same time ,thedifferencesin productivitygrowth areobvious ,whichindicates the presence of the learning-by-exporting effect . The ownership factor has no significant influence on the productivity growth of both kinds of enterprises , which shows that Chinese enterprises benefit from the learning-by-exporting effect rather than the self-selection effect . The study of Chinese companies'prior learning-by-exporting effect will provide strong theoretical support for their further internationalization .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 144-153 [Abstract] ( 1270 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1804KB] ( 2088 )
154 Xiao Wen Zhou Minghai
Change of Trade Mode and Decrease of Labor Share : Empirical Evidences from China's Industrial Sector
Since 1978 , labor income share in China has declined rapidly with drastic economic growth rate . This paper decomposes the labor income sharein theindustrial sector and finds that the movement of the industrial structure is part of the reason for the declining labor income share .We alsoanalyze theeffects of trade ,technology progress and state-owned monopolypower by using the production cost model . It indicates that technology upgrading and decrease of monopoly power will impose a decrease on labor income share .Ceteris paribus ,the coefficient of import penetration rate in the trade variables is positive and significant . Regression in different stages shows that the change of trade mode is the main reason for the declining labor income share .In the time of import-export related processing trade in the Pearl River Delta , import penetration rates promote labor demand and thus raise the labor income share .While in the time of import-oriented processing trade in the Yangtze River Delta , the simultaneous decline of 5 import penetration rate and labor income share is the result of lowering raw material and labor cost from profit maximizing enterprises . Therefore ,import penetration has different mechanisms on labor income share in different stages .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 154-163 [Abstract] ( 3948 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1488KB] ( 4317 )
164 Ye Ye
The Relationship between Ci ,Sanqu and the Ritual System in the Ming Dynasty
The innovation in the system of rites and music in early Ming Dynasty focused on the revision of the Language .By emphasizing the political and religious functions of the Language , Emperor Zhu ignored the importance of music and the difference between refined and popular music . This tendency was further developed in Yongle and Jiajing periods . Combined with the system of Yanyue—a branch of rites and music ,the style of popular literature like Ci and Qu gradually infiltrated into and greatly weakened the seriousness of the Language composition of rites and music .But from the perspective of literary history ,this literary phenomenon improved the status and elegance of Sanqu ,and had a profound impact on the performing style of drama in Ming Dynasty .Moreover ,the popularityof the functional literary model with a backgroundin the imperial academy system is a significant cause of the decay of Ci in the Ming Dynasty .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 164-171 [Abstract] ( 4069 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1332KB] ( 3174 )
172 Zhu Zejie Zhou Yufei
Qingzun Collections and Dongxuan Poetry Society

Dongxuan Poetry Society , an active organization in the Dao-guang period of Qing Dynasty in Hangzhou , Zhejiang , is an important association in the history of civil societies formed by ancient Chinese scholars .Founded by Wu Hengzhao and Wang Yuansun , the Society was located at Jingji Dongxuan ,a well-known place within Wang's Zhenqi Tang .During the ten years between thefourth year (1824) and the thirteenth year (1833) of theDao-guang period ,the Society had over eighty members and held over one hundred gatherings and responsory activities . The work of the Poetry Society was edited by Wang Yuansun into 16 volumes of Qingzun Collections . Fei Danxu , a member and well-known painter , painted A Picture of Dongxuan Poetry Society ,with one original and one copy . Wang Zengwei , a nephew of Wang Yuansun's , edited a book entitled Dongxuan Poetry Society Portrait .With Qingzun Collections , A Picture of Dongxuan Poetry Society and other literature , it is possible to have a more comprehensive view of the Poetry Society and to correct previous misunderstandings and mistakes . The integrated study of poem collections and poetry societies is a positive effort toward further research on the poetry of Qing Dynasty .

2010 Vol. 40 (5): 172-178 [Abstract] ( 1517 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1335KB] ( 1967 )
179 Lin Jiali Meng Guozhong
The Continuation and New Changes of the Artistic Fashion of Xuanyan Poetry in the Nanqi Dynasty
The artistic fashion of Xuanyan poetry was not only alive ,but also continuing to produce new changes in the Nanqi Dynasty . Such changes were present in the following areas : the spirit of the poets ,the aesthetic appeal of the poems ,the content and the artistic style of poetry ,etc . These poems extended beyond the traditional boundaries of″Xuanyan poetry″,and demonstrated the ideas and spirits of a new era . This is a phenomenon worthy of attention in the history of Chinese poetry .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 179-191 [Abstract] ( 5394 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1406KB] ( 5569 )
192 Gao Like
The Dispute between Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi on Soviet Russia
Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi ,who were good friends and both liberal intellectuals ,visited Moscow ,Xu in 1925 and Hu in 1926 . The journeys brought sharp reversals in their thoughts : with dreams of Soviet Russia disillusioned ,Xu Zhimo returned to liberalism ,while Hu Shi ,on the other hand ,applauded the″great newpolitical experiments″o f new Russia somuch so that he was caught in″new excitement″. Hence the dispute on Soviet Russia between Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi . Xu's feelings of nostalgia of Russian culture was rooted in his being a poet . Hu's appreciation of the new experiments of new Russian politics was characteristic of a scholar-bureaucrat . Their divergence of opinions on Soviet Russia ws also a symbol of the deep conflict of thoughts among liberal intellectuals .During the debate ,Xu Zhimo the poet became the guardian of the principles of classical liberalism ,and Hu Shi the spiritual leader of China's liberal intellectuals became a sympathizer of Soviet Russian revolution .This dispute is a significant event in the history of 20th century Chinese philosophy .
2010 Vol. 40 (5): 192-200 [Abstract] ( 6878 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1785KB] ( 6022 )
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