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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2023, Vol. 50 Issue (4): 495-507    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.04.013
旅游学     
中国旅游业高质量发展水平的区域差异及收敛性
金红燕1(),孙根年1(),张兴泰2
1.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
2.中山大学 旅游学院,广东 珠海 519082
Regional differences and convergence of high-quality development of tourism in China
Hongyan JIN1(),Gennian SUN1(),Xingtai ZHANG2
1.School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
2.School of Tourism Management,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,Guangdong Province,China
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摘要:

分析旅游业高质量发展的区域差异及收敛性是旅游研究的重要议题。从市场提质升级、供给能力提升、企业资源配置高效、发展环境提升、产业结构优化和发展成果可持续6个维度构建评价指标体系,综合采用熵权TOPSIS法、Dagum基尼系数及其分解、变异系数和空间面板模型,对2010—2018年我国旅游业高质量发展水平、区域差异及收敛性展开了实证研究。结果表明:(1)我国旅游业高质量发展水平逐渐上升,但企业资源配置高效、市场提质升级和发展成果可持续仍是主要短板;地区发展差异显著,自东向西呈阶梯状递减规律;(2)我国旅游业高质量发展区域差异总体呈缩小态势,区域内差异变化不明显,区域间差异虽有所收窄,但仍是总体差异的最主要来源;(3)除中部地区外,全国以及东、西部地区的旅游业高质量发展均存在σ收敛,全国以及三大地区均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛;(4)经济基础、产业结构、市场化程度和创新能力对旅游业高质量发展的提升有显著影响,但存在明显的区域异质性。据此提出缩小区域旅游业高质量发展差异的对策。

关键词: 旅游业高质量发展区域差异收敛性    
Abstract:

Analyzing regional differences and convergence of high-quality development of tourism is an important topic of research. In this paper, we construct an indicator system to estimate high-quality tourism development, and the dimensions include market quality upgrading, supply capacity improvement, efficiency of enterprise resource allocation, development environment enhancement, industry structure optimization, and development achievements sustainability. It adopts entropy weight-TOPSIS method to measure the high-quality development index of China tourism as well as the tourism of 30 provincial regions from 2010 to 2018, applies Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition to measure the regional differences and resources, and uses coefficient of variation and spatial panel model to reveal the convergence. The results are as follows: (1) the level of China's tourism hight quality development is increasing gradually, but the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation, market quality upgrading and development achievements sustainability are still the main short boards. There are significant regional differences, showing a stepwise decreasing pattern from east to west; (2) the overall difference of China's tourism hight quality development is narrowing gradually, but no significant change in intra-regional differences. Although inter-regional difference shows a decline, it is still the primary source of overall difference; (3) except the central region, the tourism high-quality development exists σ convergence in China as well as in its eastern and western regions. Both absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence are found in all three regions; (4) the levels of economic basis, industrial structure, degree of marketization, and innovation ability have significant effects on the improvement of tourism high-quality development, but there is obvious regional heterogeneity. The countermeasures to narrow the regional differences in tourism high-quality development are proposed accordingly.

Key words: tourism high-quality development    regional differences    convergence
收稿日期: 2022-09-07 出版日期: 2023-07-17
CLC:  F 591  
基金资助: 国家社会科学基金项目(20BJY204);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021CBWY004)
通讯作者: 孙根年     E-mail: hyjinas@163.com;gnsun@snnu.edu.cn
作者简介: 金红燕(1995—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-4809,女,博士研究生,主要从事旅游经济与旅游目的地管理研究,E-mail:hyjinas@163.com.
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引用本文:

金红燕,孙根年,张兴泰. 中国旅游业高质量发展水平的区域差异及收敛性[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2023, 50(4): 495-507.

Hongyan JIN,Gennian SUN,Xingtai ZHANG. Regional differences and convergence of high-quality development of tourism in China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2023, 50(4): 495-507.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.04.013        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2023/V50/I4/495

系统层准则层指标层指标属性
市场提质升级消费水平提升城镇居民人均可支配收入+
农村居民人均纯收入+
市场需求旺盛城镇居民旅游恩格尔系数+
农村居民旅游恩格尔系数+
游客体验满意人均旅游花费+
入境过夜游客平均逗留天数+
供给能力提升产品服务优质4A级以上景区数+
世界自然和文化遗产数+
四星级以上饭店数+
设施健全交通便捷程度+
旅行社数+
每万人拥有公厕数+
企业资源配置高效劳动生产率旅行社劳动生产率+
星级饭店劳动生产率+
景区劳动生产率+
资本生产率旅行社资本生产率+
星级饭店资本生产率+
景区资本生产率+
发展环境提升制度保障市场化程度+
经济与社会基础人均GDP+
城镇化率+
生态文明建成区绿化覆盖率+
创新与人才驱动R&D经费投入强度+
高等旅游院校数+
产业结构优化合理化修正的泰尔指数-
旅游产业规模度+
旅游经济区位熵+
高度化入境旅游收入/旅游总收入+
高弹性旅游消费支出比重+
景区门票收入/景区营业收入-
发展成果可持续稳定性旅游经济波动率-
旅游就业波动率-
旅游消费价格指数-
共享性旅游收入/GDP+
旅游就业人数/社会就业人数+
旅游城镇化响应程度+
表1  旅游业高质量发展指标体系
省份年份均值均值排名增幅/%增幅排名
201020112012201320142015201620172018
北京0.7010.6870.5610.5790.6220.6140.6250.5960.6110.6221-12.8930
天津0.4270.4160.3880.3920.4290.4330.4370.3970.4170.4156-2.3325
河北0.2670.3080.2780.2940.2810.3000.2860.2830.2850.287186.5214
辽宁0.3610.3570.3040.3410.3680.3630.3390.3160.3280.3429-9.1828
上海0.6040.5730.4970.5460.6260.6160.5990.6040.6020.5852-0.4621
江苏0.4850.5200.4470.4340.4860.4960.4920.4710.4810.4795-0.8722
浙江0.5030.5400.4450.4590.4960.5140.4780.4730.4750.4873-5.4627
福建0.3920.4020.3840.3730.3840.4030.4240.4190.4210.40077.6413
山东0.3920.4020.3540.3590.3570.3990.3970.3750.3860.3808-1.5823
广东0.4940.5010.4680.4460.4950.4940.4770.4930.4850.4844-1.9124
海南0.3080.2890.2530.2720.3140.2580.2540.2870.2710.27820-12.0929
东部平均0.4490.4540.3980.4090.4410.4440.4370.4290.4330.433(1)-2.96(3)
山西0.2780.2720.2520.2730.2670.2880.2880.2690.2790.274220.4219
吉林0.2640.2590.2320.2650.2770.2850.2740.2530.2630.26425-0.3320
黑龙江0.2650.2760.2550.2640.2630.2790.3110.2430.2770.270234.4917
安徽0.2770.3170.2900.2800.2760.3170.3070.3120.3090.2981411.7911
江西0.2440.2380.2430.2690.2490.3060.2880.2990.2940.2702420.277
河南0.2880.3030.2830.2620.2440.2780.2830.2690.2760.27621-4.0026
湖北0.2790.2970.2780.2610.2670.3020.3190.2930.3060.289179.6212
湖南0.2790.3020.2900.2710.3680.3410.3270.3340.3300.3161218.559
中部平均0.2720.2830.2650.2680.2760.2990.3000.2840.2920.282(2)7.60(2)
内蒙古0.3170.3350.3060.3270.3200.3570.3370.3270.3320.329104.8415
广西0.2310.2470.2420.2280.2770.2680.2660.2950.2810.2592621.626
重庆0.2600.2820.2950.2670.3050.3090.3480.3240.3360.3031329.184
四川0.2940.3160.2840.2900.2630.2850.3000.2930.2960.291160.6818
贵州0.2720.2590.2320.2320.2900.3240.3070.3410.3240.2871918.958
云南0.2510.2590.4170.3960.2940.2750.2830.3710.3270.3191130.582
陕西0.2530.2680.2760.2790.3120.3440.3070.3190.3130.2971523.895
甘肃0.1490.1750.2020.1870.1640.2040.1970.2010.1990.1863033.211
青海0.1760.2150.1910.2100.2100.2480.2350.2220.2290.2152930.193
宁夏0.2170.1910.2030.2090.2510.2450.2500.2450.2470.2292813.8310
新疆0.2450.2760.2410.2540.2470.2770.2640.2500.2570.257274.5716
西部平均0.2420.2570.2620.2620.2660.2850.2810.2900.2860.270(3)19.23(1)
全国平均0.3260.3360.3130.3170.3330.3470.3430.3390.3410.3337.47
表2  各省(市)旅游业高质量发展水平及排序
短板类型包含省份数均值标准差界线省份
市场短板型120.3150.1650.233皖、赣、豫、鄂、桂、琼、渝、川、黔、云、甘、青
供给能力短板型100.3860.1480.312津、吉、桂、琼、渝、黔、甘、青、宁、新
企业效率短板型100.2840.1210.223冀、晋、蒙、吉、黑、豫、鄂、甘、青、新
发展环境短板型90.3210.1710.236晋、桂、琼、黔、云、甘、青、宁、新
产业结构短板型100.3740.0840.332冀、苏、鲁、豫、赣、湘、川、甘、青、宁
发展成果短板型110.2890.0940.242冀、蒙、黑、苏、皖、闽、鲁、豫、鄂、甘、新
6京、辽、沪、浙、粤、陕
表3  我国各省旅游业高质量发展的短板类型
图1  我国旅游业高质量发展水平的总体差异和区域内差异
图2  我国旅游业高质量发展水平的区域间差异
图3  我国旅游业高质量发展水平的区域差异来源贡献率
地区变异系数
2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年
全国0.3830.3590.3050.3070.3390.3040.3020.2990.298
东部0.2840.2680.2410.2360.2610.2610.2660.2600.262
中部0.0490.0920.0850.0240.1400.0730.0630.1090.076
西部0.2000.1890.2460.2310.1770.1600.1590.1850.164
表4  全国及三大地区旅游业高质量发展水平的变异系数
地区绝对β收敛条件β收敛
全国东部中部西部全国东部中部西部
模型空间固定SEM空间固定SDM空间固定SEM双向固定OLS空间固定SDM空间固定SDM

混合

OLS

双向固定OLS
β(lnT

-0.764***

(-11.86)

-0.845***

(-7.98)

-0.880***

(-6.29)

-0.797***

(-6.37)

-0.840***

(-12.73)

-0.905***

(-8.51)

-0.760***

(-7.13)

-0.865***

(-6.58)

ln(PGDP)

0.243

(1.59)

0.238*

(1.95)

0.019

(0.16)

0.184

(0.61)

IND

-0.002

(-0.68)

0.003

(0.59)

0.005*

(1.81)

-0.006

(-0.75)

MAR

0.032**

(2.11)

0.013

(0.87)

0.017

(0.91)

0.045

(1.21)

URB

0.004

(0.73)

-0.001

(-0.18)

-0.006

(-1.08)

0.017

(0.52)

INN

-0.0109

(-0.21)

0.118**

(2.50)

0.083**

(3.00)

-0.037

(-0.21)

ρ/λ

0.472***

(5.60)

0.562***

(6.70)

0.362***

(2.98)

0.317***

(3.26)

0.514***

(5.60)

R20.3780.4720.3770.4580.4930.6530.3690.522
Hausman184.17***77.16***11.84***19.45***21.21*18.12***7.1619.45***
LM-SEM23.554***32.819***4.448**0.06620.421***15.717***1.6310.289
LM-SLM21.565***34.613***3.736*0.47721.020***23.269***2.5700.331
Robust LM-SEM2.3671.0490.7332.6130.1860.9410.1100.011
Robust LM-SLM0.3782.844*0.0213.024*0.7858.493***1.0490.053
LR-SEM1.620.001.9914.38**24.10***
LR-SLM2.300.001.7314.30**24.14***
Wald-SEM0.690.211.6323.45***71.06***
Wald-SLM14.10***4.60**8.65***22.79***97.50***
V0.2060.2660.3030.2280.2620.3360.2040.286
表5  全国及三大地区旅游业高质量发展水平的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛结果
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