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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2022, Vol. 49 Issue (4): 508-520    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.04.015
地球科学     
浙江省水域系统时空变化特征及驱动力分析
杨昀则1,田鹏2,李加林2,3,4(),曹罗丹2,张海涛2,艾顺毅2
1.宁波大学 土木工程与环境学院,浙江 宁波 315211
2.宁波大学 地理与空间信息技术系,浙江 宁波 315211
3.宁波大学 东海战略研究院,浙江 宁波 315211
4.宁波陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心,浙江 宁波 315211
Analysis on the characteristics and driving forces of spatiotemporal changes of Zhejiang water system
Yunze YANG1,Peng TIAN2,Jialin LI2,3,4(),Luodan CAO2,Haitao ZHANG2,Shunyi AI2
1.School of Civil and Environment Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang Province,China
2.Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang Province,China
3.Donghai Academy,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang Province,China
4.Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang Province,China
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摘要:

基于浙江省1980—2020年8期土地利用数据,分析了浙江省不同时期水域系统时空格局、水面率、转换趋势、景观格局等特征,揭示了水域系统面积变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)浙江省水域面积总体呈增加趋势,河流、滩地面积缩减,湖泊、水库坑塘、滩涂面积增加。水域系统转移集中于河流、湖泊和沿海一侧。(2)浙江省水域景观格局MPS、NP、LST、FRA、CCONTAG指数上升,PD、ED、LPI、COHESION、AI指数下降,突出反映了水域景观破碎化、离散化、复杂化。(3)不同地级市水域系统面积存在差异,杭州市的河流、水库坑塘面积最大,嘉兴市和湖州市的湖泊面积最大,宁波市的滩涂面积最大,绍兴市的滩地面积最大。各流域水域系统大多以水库坑塘为主,面积呈增加趋势,其他地类面积变化较小。(4)浙江省水域系统与人为活动(GDP、农林牧渔总产值、人口密度)关系密切,自然因素对水域影响较为稳定,年均降水量的影响大于年均温度的影响。

关键词: 水域系统水面率时空变化驱动力浙江省    
Abstract:

Based on the land use data in Zhejiang province of 8 periods from 1980 to 2020, this study analyzed the water system spatiotemporal pattern, water surface ratio, transformation trend, landscape pattern and other characteristics in different periods of Zhejiang province, trying to reveal the driving factors of these changes. The results show that: (1) the total water area of Zhejiang province tends to rise, the area of rivers and beaches tend to decrease, while the area of lakes, reservoirs, ponds and tidal flats tend to increase. The transfer of water system was concentrated in rivers, lakes and coastal side. (2) The water landscape pattern index of Zhejiang province increase by MPS, NP, LST, FRA, CCONTAG, and decrease by PD, ED, LPI, COHESION and AI, reflecting the fragmentation, dispersion and complexity of water landscape. (3) The area of water system shows different pattern in different cities, in particular, the area of rivers, reservoirs ponds in Hangzhou is the largest, the area of lakes in Jiaxing and Huzhou is the largest, the area of tidal flats in Ningbo is the largest, the area of beaches in Shaoxing is the largest. The water system of each basin mainly consists of reservoirs and ponds, and their area were increased during these periods, while the area of other land types changed little. (4) The water area system of Zhejiang province was closely related to human activities (GDP, total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, population density), while the influence of natural factors on water area was relatively stable with the influence of annual precipitation greater than that of annual temperature.

Key words: water system    water surface rate    spatiotemporal variation    driving force    Zhejiang province
收稿日期: 2021-02-03 出版日期: 2022-07-13
CLC:  F 062.2  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41976209)
通讯作者: 李加林     E-mail: nbnj2001@163.com
作者简介: 杨昀则(1996—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-8648,男,硕士研究生,主要从事水资源开发与管理研究.
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引用本文:

杨昀则,田鹏,李加林,曹罗丹,张海涛,艾顺毅. 浙江省水域系统时空变化特征及驱动力分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2022, 49(4): 508-520.

Yunze YANG,Peng TIAN,Jialin LI,Luodan CAO,Haitao ZHANG,Shunyi AI. Analysis on the characteristics and driving forces of spatiotemporal changes of Zhejiang water system. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2022, 49(4): 508-520.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.04.015        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2022/V49/I4/508

地类含义
河流指天然形成或人工开挖的河流及主干常年水位以下的土地,人工渠包括堤岸
湖泊指天然形成的积水区常年水位以下的土地
水库坑塘指人工修建的蓄水区常年水位以下的土地
滩涂指沿海大潮高潮位与低潮位之间的潮浸地带
滩地指河、湖水域平水期水位与洪水期水位之间的土地
表1  水域系统的含义
图1  浙江省地理位置来自全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn),无修改。
图2  浙江省水域系统空间分布示意
土地利用类型面积/km22020年较1980年面积变化/ km2
1980年1990年1995年2000年2005年2010年2015年2020年
海水1 122.91965.92958.86965.79958.49791.204.7922.70-1 100.21
河流1 146.06963.35914.48913.59902.85963.12961.561 039.00-107.06
湖泊155.98179.43178.90177.46187.02197.29195.41189.3833.39
水库坑塘891.231 071.071 055.181 203.821 515.241 482.051 475.001 634.16742.92
滩涂452.27477.40462.35457.12331.90311.36796.50453.170.90
滩地527.19354.64324.95279.65257.49242.07302.45173.84-353.35
表2  浙江省不同年份水域面积及变化
类型各时段动态度变化速率/%
1980—1990年1990—1995年1995—2000年2000—2005年2005—2010年2010—2015年2015—2020年
河流-1.59-1.01-0.02-0.241.34-0.031.61
湖泊1.50-0.06-0.161.081.10-0.19-0.62
水库坑塘2.02-0.302.825.17-0.44-0.102.16
滩涂0.56-0.63-0.23-5.48-1.2431.16-8.62
滩地-3.27-1.67-2.79-1.58-1.204.99-8.50
表3  浙江省水域单一动态度变化
区域水面率/%
1980年1990年2000年2010年2020年
浙江省3.112.982.973.133.39
杭州市5.805.405.605.255.23
宁波市3.743.753.583.936.20
温州市2.222.112.092.462.62
嘉兴市4.194.594.765.295.04
湖州市2.843.183.244.063.99
绍兴市5.544.574.193.843.43
金华市1.281.311.291.411.42
衢州市1.511.501.501.581.58
台州市2.302.772.742.872.73
丽水市0.630.630.611.011.01
表4  浙江省不同年份水域水面率
图3  浙江省八大流域水域水面率
图4  1980—2020年浙江省水域转入转出空间分布示意B为滩地,C为建设用地,F为耕地,F1为林地,G为草地,P为湖泊,R为河流,RP为水库坑塘,S为海水,T为滩涂。
图5  浙江省水域景观类型水平指数
图6  浙江省不同行政区水域面积
图7  浙江省八大流域水域面积
年份景观指数
MPSNPPDLPIEDLSIFRACCONTAGCOHESIONAI
198062.3750871.6013.744.16110.321.095 853.6499.3393.92
199057.8352671.7314.573.64115.011.095 054.0899.3693.58
199559.3249491.6915.153.59118.131.096 254.2299.4393.30
200055.4354691.8014.643.57118.991.094 455.3699.3493.36
200549.7864172.0113.934.34126.331.090 257.7199.2693.07
201051.9561521.9313.994.25133.671.093 257.8399.2792.69
201557.6164761.7411.943.72122.231.091 055.1299.2593.81
202062.9955401.5912.873.82127.911.097 558.6899.3393.31
表5  浙江省水域景观指数
图8  浙江省八大流域水域面积与影响因素的相关系数
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