| Reliability and Quality Design |
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| Influence of heat treatment on cracks and mechanical properties of self-piercing riveted joint in aluminum alloy |
Baoying XING1( ),Jincong CHEN1,Zhiming YAN2(),Hongshen ZHANG1,Kai ZENG1,Chunya ZOU3 |
1.Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2.Engineering Training Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
3.Guangzhou Heron Intelligent Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou 510990, China |
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Abstract Aiming at the problem that cracks were prone to occur at the bottom of the self-piercing riveted joint in 2024 aluminum alloy, the crack formation mechanism was analyzed through riveting experiments, and the crack suppression was investigated by combining the annealing and riveting processes of the 2024 aluminum alloy sheet. Meanwhile, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were compared, and the fracture characteristics of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore their failure mechanism, thereby analyzing the influence of heat treatment process on the mechanical properties and failure forms of the joints. The results showed that the plasticity and ductility of the 2024 aluminum alloy sheet increased after annealing treatment at 360 ℃, while the hardness decreased by 23.6%. In the case of riveting the 2024 aluminum alloy sheet without annealing treatment, the crack initiation occurred at the rivet tube leg tip area, and macro cracks appeared along the radial direction at the joint bottom. After annealing treatment, there were no obvious cracks at the joint bottom, which significantly improved the sealing performance and corrosion resistance of the connection point. The grain structure of the joint section in the unannealed group was coarse and irregular, and the deformation at the rivet tube leg tip area was significant. In contrast, the grain structure of the joint section in the annealed group was refined and more uniform. Although the static strength of the joints decreased by 12.93% after annealing treatment, the failure displacement and energy absorption values increased by 27.3% and 19.31%, respectively. The failure mode transformed from complete fracture of the upper plate to tearing of the lower plate, with the bottom of the connection point being pulled through by the rivet clinch. Additionally, the fracture mode changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The research results can provide important references for the application of self-punching riveting process in fields such as automobiles and aerospace.
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Received: 28 October 2024
Published: 02 July 2025
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Corresponding Authors:
Zhiming YAN
E-mail: xbb0808@163.com;yanman2904@qq.com
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热处理对铝合金自冲铆接头裂纹和力学性能的影响
针对2024铝合金自冲铆接头底部易出现裂纹的问题，通过铆接实验来分析裂纹形成机理，并结合2024铝合金板材先退火再铆接的工艺开展裂纹抑制研究；同时，对比了接头剖面的显微组织和力学性能，并采用扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）对接头断口特征进行分析，以探究其失效机理，进而分析热处理工艺对接头力学性能和失效形式的影响。结果表明，2024铝合金板材经360 ℃退火处理后，其塑性和延伸率显著提高，硬度下降了23.6%。当2024铝合金板材未经退火处理直接进行铆接时，裂纹萌生点位于铆钉管腿尖区域，接头底部出现沿径向分布的宏观裂纹；退火处理后接头底部无明显裂纹，连接点的密封性、抗腐蚀性能显著增强。未退火处理组接头剖面的晶粒结构粗大、不规则，且铆钉管腿尖区域的变形较大，而退火处理组接头剖面的晶粒结构细化且更匀称。退火处理组接头的静强度下降了12.93%，但失效位移和能量吸收值分别提高了27.3%和19.31%，其失效形式由上板完全断裂转变为下板撕裂，且连接点底部被铆扣拉穿，断口由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。研究结果可为自冲铆接工艺在汽车、航空航天等领域的应用提供重要参考。
关键词：
2024铝合金,
自冲铆接头,
裂纹,
热处理工艺,
力学性能,
失效形式
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