Research on mechanical properties and model parameters of 3D printed TPU material

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.054

Chin J Eng Design

2023, Vol. 30

Issue (4): 419-428 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.054

Theory and Method of Mechanical Design

Research on mechanical properties and model parameters of 3D printed TPU material

Bowei XIE^1,²(

),Mohui JIN^1,²,Zhou YANG^1,^2,³,Jieli DUAN^1,²(

),Mingyu QU¹,Jinhui LI¹

^1.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
^2.Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
^3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

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Abstract

In order to solve the problem of difficulty in testing and performance verification of compliant mechanisms in the process of optimal design, the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material were studied by 3D printing technology. The effects of material hardness and print fill rate on the mechanical properties of TPU material were analyzed, and the better 3D printing parameters of TPU material were obtained. Using single factor and two factor tset combined with variance analysis, the primary and secondary factors that significantly affect the flexibility of TPU specimens were identified as TPU material hardness and print fill rate. Combined with the mechanical property test data of TPU material, the mapping relationships between the material parameters and material hardness, print fill rate of four commonly used hyperelastic material constitutive models, i.e. Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh, Ogden and Valanis-Landel, were obtained. The results showed that with the increase of TPU material hardness and print fill rate, the flexibility of the specimens decreased; among the four hyperelastic models, Ogden model has a good prediction effect on the mechanical properties of TPU specimens under different printing parameters; there was no significant difference in the predictive effect of the four models under the same TPU material hardness and different print fill rates. The research results can provide reference for 3D printing and finite element simulation analysis of TPU material, and provide reliable technical support for the test, performance verification and sample production of compliant mechanisms in the design process.

Key words： design of compliant mechanism finite element simulation 3D printing TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) material nonlinear analysis

Received: 11 February 2023 Published: 04 September 2023

CLC:

TH 122

Corresponding Authors: Jieli DUAN E-mail: xiebowei@stu.scau.edu.cn;duanjieli@scau.edu.cn

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	Bowei XIE
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	Jinhui LI

Cite this article:

Bowei XIE,Mohui JIN,Zhou YANG,Jieli DUAN,Mingyu QU,Jinhui LI. Research on mechanical properties and model parameters of 3D printed TPU material. Chin J Eng Design, 2023, 30(4): 419-428.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.054 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2023/V30/I4/419

3D打印TPU材料的力学性能及模型参数研究

为了解决柔顺机构在优化设计过程中试验及性能验证困难的问题，采用3D打印技术对热塑性聚氨酯（thermoplastic polyurethane，TPU）材料的力学性能进行了试验研究。分析了材料硬度和打印填充率对TPU材料力学性能的影响，获得了TPU材料较佳的3D打印参数。进行单因素和两因素试验并结合方差分析，确定了显著影响TPU试样柔性的主次因素分别为TPU材料硬度和打印填充率。结合TPU材料的力学性能试验数据，得到了Mooney-Rivlin、Yeoh、Ogden、Valanis-Landel等4种常用超弹性材料本构模型的材料参数与材料硬度、打印填充率之间的映射关系。研究表明：随着TPU材料硬度和打印填充率增大，试样的柔性减弱；在4种超弹性模型中，Ogden模型对于不同打印参数下的TPU试样都具有较好的力学性能预测效果；4种模型在相同TPU硬度、不同打印填充率下的预测效果没有明显差别。研究结果可以为TPU材料的3D打印和有限元仿真分析提供参考，为柔顺机构在设计过程中的试验、性能验证及样件制作提供可靠的技术支撑。

关键词： 柔顺机构设计, 有限元仿真, 3D打印, 热塑性聚氨酯材料, 非线性分析

Fig.1 3D printing site of TPU material

Table 1 3D printing parameters of TPU material

Fig.2 Mechanical performance test of TPU material

Fig.3 Relationship curves between stress and deformation of TPU specimens

Fig.4 Stress-strain relationship curves of TPU specimens

Table 2 Elastic modulus of TPU specimens

Fig.5 Flexibility of specimens under different TPU material hardness

Fig.6 Flexibility of specimens under different print fill rates

影响因素	自由度	离差平方和	平均离差平方和	F	p^①
TPU材料硬度	2	0.109	0.054	737.699	$0 . 000 * *$
打印填充率	2	0.014	0.007	97.097	$0 . 000 * *$
交互作用	4	0.003	0.001	11.410	$0 . 000 * *$
误差	36	0.003	$7.357 × 10 - ? 5$
总和	45	1.014

Table 3 Variance analysis results of two factor experiment on the flexibility of TPU material specimens

Fig.7 Variation trend of flexibility of specimens

Fig.8 Fitting curve of TPU material constitutive model

模型	材料常数^①	83A60%	83A80%	83A100%	87A60%	87A80%		87A100%	95A60%	95A80%	95A100%
Mooney-Rivlin	C₁/10⁵	4.15	5.01	5.70	5.08	6.88		7.17	11.80	13.20	14.30
Mooney-Rivlin	C₂/10⁶	1.30	0.97	1.40	1.05	1.33		1.45	1.85	2.33	3.93
Yeoh	C₁₀/10⁶	0.88	0.95	1.06	0.86	1.16		1.38	2.10	2.36	2.99
	C₂₀/10³	-1.72	-1.85	-1.51	-0.94	-1.39		-3.40	-12.80	-11.60	-9.67
	C₃₀	3.28	3.49	2.02	1.18	1.98		6.58	71.14	61.67	26.11
Ogden	$μ 1$ /10⁵	3.95	5.59	5.91	5.62	6.38		6.92	3.03	11.90	12.90
	$μ 1$ /10⁵	-1.36	-1.10	-1.15	-2.11	-1.25		-5.61	-12.50	-10.10	-10.10
	$μ 1$ /10⁶	2.45	2.60	2.71	2.65	2.73		3.51	5.86	6.96	8.66
	$α 1$	2.92	3.18	3.19	3.21	3.25		3.53	3.73	3.56	3.54
	$α 2$	3.29	3.58	3.61	3.60	3.64		3.61	3.61	3.49	3.48
	$α 3$	1.52	1.26	1.35	1.31	1.39		1.95	1.63	1.57	1.58
Arruda-Boyce	$μ$ /10⁶	1.41	1.42	1.73	1.47	2.08	2.16		3.45	4.09	4.75
Arruda-Boyce	$λ m$ /10⁴	4.91	3.83	5.07	5.38	5.89	5.76		2.79	2.74	5.12

Table 4 Material parameters of TPU material constitutive models

Table 5 Maximum stress values of TPU specimens under different constitutive models

Fig.9 Comparison of tensile simulation results and experimental results of TPU specimens under different constitutive models

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of compression deformation of compliant mechanism

Fig.11 Relationship curve between stress and deformation of compliant mechanism


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