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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (8): 1562-1572    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.08.009
    
Life-cycle multi-attribute decision making of RC structures considering sustainability
Ke-xian WU1,2,3(),De-jun JIN2,3,Wei-liang JIN1,*(),Xue-hua FAN4,Yue-lin HUANG4,Xiao-yu HE2,3
1. Institute of Structural Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Zhejiang Institute of Communications Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310030, China
3. Key Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Theory and Transportation Industry, Hangzhou 310006, China
4. Jiaxing Binhai Holding Group Co. Ltd, Jiaxing 374200, China
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Abstract  

A multi-attribute decision making method considering sustainability for the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in chloride environment was proposed to effectively prolong the service life of major engineering structures and reduce their adverse effects on the environment and society. The proposed method can solve the problem of inconsistent ranking of different attributes in engineering decisions, and provide decision indicators and ranking methods that comprehensively consider sustainability for decision makers with different risk attitudes. In this method, the performance evaluation module, the cost analysis module, and the utility analysis module were established. The long-term performance deterioration, improvement effect and maintenance timing of various maintenance measures (including epoxy coating, bidirectional electromigration, strengthening with bonded steel plate and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)), life-cycle sustainability cost and its uncertainty were sequentially analyzed. Furthermore, the weights of economic, environmental and social costs were determined by the combined weighting method, and the multi-attribute utility values of different design and maintenance schemes were calculated for decision making. A case study of RC box girder with a design service life of 200 years was conducted. Result indicates that the long-life schemes designed to improve structural performance, reduce the risk of failure, and reduce the number of maintenances are more sustainable, but the combined utilities of the different types of costs and performance improvements need to be weighed.

Key words： reinforced concrete (RC) structure      multi-attribute decision making      utility theory      sustainability      long-term performance      maintenance measures     
Received: 21 December 2022      Published: 31 August 2023
CLC:  TU 375  
Fund:  国家自然科学基金资助项目(51820105012，51638013); 浙江省交通运输厅科技计划资助项目(2023007); 交通运输行业重点科技资助项目(2020-GT-010)
Corresponding Authors: Wei-liang JIN     E-mail: wukexianzju@163.com;jinwl@zju.edu.cn
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Ke-xian WU
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Xiao-yu HE
Cite this article:

Ke-xian WU,De-jun JIN,Wei-liang JIN,Xue-hua FAN,Yue-lin HUANG,Xiao-yu HE. Life-cycle multi-attribute decision making of RC structures considering sustainability. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(8): 1562-1572.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.08.009     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2023/V57/I8/1562


考虑可持续性的RC结构全寿命多属性决策

为了有效延长重大交通基础设施的使用寿命，降低其对环境和社会的不利影响，针对氯盐环境中钢筋混凝土（RC）结构的设计与维护提出考虑可持续性成本的多属性决策方法. 该方法能够解决工程决策中不同属性排序不一致的问题，为不同风险态度的决策者提供综合考虑可持续性的决策指标和排序方法. 多属性决策方法设置性能评估、成本分析和效用分析模块，依次分析RC结构在氯盐环境下的长期性能劣化规律、不同维护措施的提升效果与维护时机（包括环氧涂层、双向电迁移、黏贴钢板和黏贴碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）措施）、全寿命可持续性成本及其不确定性，进一步通过组合赋权法确定经济、环境和社会成本的权重，计算得到不同设计与维护方案的多属性效用值用于决策. 对设计使用寿命为200 a的RC箱梁进行案例分析，结果表明：在初始设计时能够合理提高结构性能、降低失效风险、减少维护次数的长寿命方案具有更好的可持续性，但必须权衡各类成本和性能提升之间的综合效用.


关键词： 钢筋混凝土(RC)结构,  多属性决策,  效用理论,  可持续性,  长期性能,  维护措施 
Fig.1 Multi-attribute decision-making process of structural long-life design and maintenance based on sustainability
维护措施 CEC CEV CSO
环氧涂层 108 2.97 具体分析
双向电迁移 171 15.00
黏贴钢板:6 mm厚
(钢板每增厚1 mm) 		1149 (+57) 82.77 (+8.76)
黏贴CFRP:1层
(纤维布每增加1层) 		465 (+274) 5.70 (+0.50)
Tab.1 Unit sustainability cost of maintenance measures (元·m−2)
Fig.2 Cross section of box girder
变量 单位 均值 变异系数 分布类型1) 数据来源
注：1）分布类型中N表示正态分布，LN表示对数正态分布，U表示均匀分布，W表示Weibull分布；2）*表示数值或分布类型为假设；3）变异系数中括号内为均匀分布的下界和上界.
表面氯离子质量分数 % 0.5464 0.1 N (截尾: 0) 均值：检测报告；变异系数和分布：文献[33]
临界氯离子质量分数 % 0.054 0.1*2） LN 文献[34]
混凝土保护层厚度 mm 45.48 0.133 LN* 检测报告
混凝土抗压强度标准值 MPa 40 0.156 LN* GB 50010—2015[21]
钢筋屈服强度标准值 MPa 400 0.075 LN* GB 50010—2015[21]
钢筋表面的温度 ℃ 15.4 0.044 N 文献[35]
钢筋直径 mm 25 ? 定值 设计文件
点蚀系数 ? 6 0.33 N (截尾: 1) 文献[36]
抗力模型不确定性系数 ? 1.02 0.06 LN 文献[37]、[38]
永久荷载模型不确定性系数 ? 1.05 0.10 LN 文献[37]
可变荷载模型不确定性系数 ? 1.15 0.18 LN 文献[37]
环氧涂层后氯离子扩散系数减小幅度 ? 0.2675 [0.135, 0.400]3） U* 文献[39]~[42]
双向电迁移后混凝土内残余氯离子质量分数 % 0.128 [0.038, 0.218] U* 检测报告
钢板锈蚀模型参数a mm 11.39×10?2 0.42 LN 文献[43]
钢板锈蚀模型参数b ? 0.83 0.40 LN 文献[43]
钢板防护涂层防护年限 a 6 0.15 LN 文献[43]
CFRP加固有效年限 a 20* 0.25* LN* 假设
CFRP弹性模量 MPa 2.3×105 0.1 LN 文献[38]
CFRP拉伸强度 MPa 3900 0.1 W 文献[38]
Tab.2 Statistical properties of random parameters of case bridge
Fig.3 Life extension effects and reliability index increments of different maintenance measures at different time
方案名称 方案内容 Timp $ {P}_{\mathrm{f},200} $
原方案 $ \Phi $25普通钢筋+C40混凝土 0 0.494
方案1 $ \Phi $25不锈钢筋+C40混凝土 0 10-12
方案2 $ \Phi $36普通钢筋+C70混凝土 0 10?5
方案3 ①环氧涂层+双向电迁移 10 10?5
②黏贴10 mm钢板 93、108、121、132、142（共5次）
③黏贴12 mm钢板 151、160、169、177、185、193（共6次）
方案4 ①环氧涂层+双向电迁移 10 10?7
②黏贴3层CFRP 93、105、116、125、133（共5次）
③黏贴5层CFRP 140、148、156、163、170、177、184、191、198（共9次）
方案5 重建 75、150 10?8
Tab.3 Viable design, maintenance and reconstruction options
方案名称 CEC CEV CSO LCC
实际值 最大值 最小值 实际值 最大值 最小值 实际值 最大值1） 最小值
1）注：最大值对应95%分位值成本，最小值对应5%分位值成本.
原方案 7.39 7.93 6.93 9.21 18.24 3.93 27.43 32.49 23.32 44.03
方案1 17.32 18.58 16.12 6.25 12.21 2.63 0.0199 0.0306 0.0129 23.59
方案2 9.20 9.86 8.71 6.43 12.51 2.81 0.0204 0.0311 0.0135 15.65
方案3 7.99 8.52 7.52 6.59 12.71 3.03 28.16 29.60 26.95 42.73
方案4 8.07 8.61 7.60 6.22 12.30 2.70 35.83 37.46 34.48 50.13
方案5 9.37 10.05 8.77 18.50 36.62 7.90 110.98 125.48 99.12 138.85
Tab.4 Sustainability costs for different long-life design and maintenance options (万元·m−1)
Fig.4 Single-attribute utility values of life-cycle economic, environmental, and social costs
Fig.5 Multi-attribute utility values of life-cycle sustainability costs
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