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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (5): 985-995    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.05.017
Earth Science     
Observation of suspended sediment in sea area around Dajin Island based on multi-source remote sensing data
Guo-rong HUANG1(),Xiao-yu ZHANG1,2,3,*(),Ya-chao HAN4,Jia-xing CHEN1,Yong-jun ZHANG4
1. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China
3. Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316000, China
4. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract  

The sea area around Daijin Island of Huangmao Sea in the Pearl Estuary, China is the habitat of Chinese white dolphins. Compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) image was employed to observe the suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and a single band inversion model for the CASI and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) was established based on the in-situ spectral measurement, in order to assess the sea water quality in this area. The accuracy of inversion SSC was assessed by MODIS with in-situ SSC data. Results show that single-band exponential model based on CASI data performs well in inversing the suspended sediment concentration in the experimental sea area with the relative error of 11.16%, and of 15.18% for MODIS. The suspended sediment concentration in the study area ranges from 0.48 to 12.15 mg/L, and the direct ecological impact to the dolphin reserve should be neglected. Combined with the observation from MODIS image of suspended sediment in the Pearl Estuary, the land-based input from the west coast of Huangmao Sea is identified as the main material source, meanwhile, there is obvious branching phenomena when the terrestrial sediments are transported from the Huangmao Sea to the outside of the estuary. The main axis of runoff is transported from northwest to southeast in the estuary, while the coastal current is transported from northeast to southwest along Dajin Island. As a result, area with low suspended sediment and high transparency forms in the north of Dajin Island, which is suitable for the thriving of dolphin.

Key words： CASI hyperspectral data      MODIS image      suspended sediment      Dajin Island      habitat of Chinese white dolphins     
Received: 05 May 2019      Published: 05 May 2020
CLC:  P 715.7  
  X 145  
Corresponding Authors: Xiao-yu ZHANG     E-mail: 864585459@qq.com;zhang_xiaoyu@zju.edu.cn
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Guo-rong HUANG
Xiao-yu ZHANG
Ya-chao HAN
Jia-xing CHEN
Yong-jun ZHANG
Cite this article:

Guo-rong HUANG,Xiao-yu ZHANG,Ya-chao HAN,Jia-xing CHEN,Yong-jun ZHANG. Observation of suspended sediment in sea area around Dajin Island based on multi-source remote sensing data. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(5): 985-995.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.05.017     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2020/V54/I5/985


基于多源遥感数据的大襟岛海域悬浮泥沙观测

珠江口黄茅海大襟岛海域是中华白海豚栖息地. 为了对该海域的水质进行评估，采用集成机载光谱成像仪（CASI）影像对悬浮泥沙质量浓度进行观测，并根据实测光谱构建适用于CASI影像和中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）影像的悬浮泥沙质量浓度单波段反演模型. 此外利用实测悬浮泥沙数据和MODIS影像对反演的悬浮泥沙质量浓度进行精度评定. 研究表明，基于CASI数据的单波段指数模型可以较好地反演研究海域的悬浮泥沙质量浓度，相对平均误差为11.16%，此外单波段指数模型也可以较好地应用在MODIS影像上，相对平均误差为15.18%. 研究区域悬浮泥沙质量浓度为0.48~12.15 mg/L，对海豚栖息区的生态环境未构成明显影响. 结合基于MODIS的珠江口海域悬浮泥沙遥感影像发现，研究区域悬浮泥沙主要输入来源为黄茅海西岸的陆源输入，黄茅海西岸陆域输入泥沙在由黄茅海向口外输送时，存在明显的分支现象，径流主轴在河口海域自西北向东南向海运输，沿岸流则沿着大襟岛自东北向西南向海运输，由此，在大襟岛北部出现低悬浮泥沙、高透明度海域，适合白海豚栖息.


关键词： CASI航空高光谱数据,  MODIS数据,  悬浮泥沙,  大襟岛,  白海豚栖息区 
传感器
系统 		光谱
范围/nm 		光谱通
道数/个 		光谱分
辨率/nm 		带宽/nm 空间分
辨率/m 		扫描
宽度/km 		数据速率/
（MB·s?1） 		像元
尺寸/μm 		光斑尺寸/
像素
CASI 1500h 380~1 050 最高288，可
自定义设置 		<3.5 2.4 0.6 ≈0.3 19.2 20×20 <1.5，全波长
衍射极限
MODIS 400~1 440 36 ? 10~50 250 2 330 ? ? ?
Tab.1 Technical parameters of CASI1500h and MODIS
Fig.1 True color synthesis of CASI data in study area
Fig.2 Distribution of ground control points and checkpoint route of CASI
Fig.3 Noise of water body in study area
Fig.4 Fast view of MODIS image used in study with Dajin Island and surrounding waters marked by box
Fig.5 In situ water sampling and spectral measurement locations in sea area around Dajin Island
站位 经度 纬度 ρB/（mg?L?1）
T1 113°4′26.34″ 21°57′29.58″ 10.07
T2 113°3′15.30″ 21°54′19.38″ 7.54
T3 113°2′24.24″ 21°53′54.90″ 8.74
T4 113°2′0.36″ 21°53′40.5″ 8.34
T5 113°4′18.84″ 21°57′33.78″ 9.54
T6 113°4′50.88″ 21°56′49.68″ 6.14
T7 113°5′13.20″ 21°56′15.84″ 1.77
T8 113°4′29.04″ 21°55′41.64″ 6.94
T9 113°5′41.04″ 21°55′14.4″ 1.87
T10 113°5′49.86″ 21°54′43.14″ 7.87
T11 113°2′33″ 21°54′58.02″ 10.94
T12 113°2′43.68″ 21°54′27.78″ 10.94
T13 113°2′50.1″ 21°54′12.42″ 11.14
T14 113°2′58.38″ 21°53′59.92″ 3.26
T15 113°3′8.7″ 21°53′44.52″ 11.74
T16 113°3′13.5″ 21°53′28.02″ 10.34
T17 113°3′21.12″ 21°53′3.78″ 18.74
T18 113°4′26.34″ 21°57′29.58″ 4.34
T19 113°3′15.30″ 21°54′19.38″ 2.14
T20 113°1′39.48″ 21°51′10.14″ 11.34
T21 113°1′34.62″ 21°51′5.52″ 3.54
T22 113°1′20.04″ 21°51′1.62″ 13.14
T23 113°1′13.62″ 21°50′57.36″ 3.54
T24 113°2′30.48″ 21°54′4.92″ 2.74
T25 113°2′14.82″ 21°53′51.48″ 7.34
T26 113°0′37.74″ 21°50′55.98″ 6.54
T27 113°0′1.26″ 21°51′4.14″ 3.74
T28 113°0′16.32″ 21°51′2.7″ 10.34
T29 112°59′56.4″ 21°51′5.16″ 8.74
T30 112°59′52.32″ 21°51′18.9″ 2.74
T31 112°59′56.28″ 21°51′33.9″ 2.34
T32 112°59′55.62″ 21°51′44.04″ 10.54
T33 112°59′57.12″ 21°51′53.46″ 8.14
T34 112°59′58.2″ 21°51′54.78″ 9.74
T35 113°0′0.6″ 21°52′2.34″ 8.74
T36 113°0′0.72″ 21°52′10.38″ 7.54
T37 113°0′4.62″ 21°52′19.8″ 9.94
Tab.2 Longitude and latitude of stations and measured suspended sediment mass concentration
Fig.6 Spectral curves measured in water body around Dajin Island before and after denoising（taking T22 station as an example）
Fig.7 Denoised spectral curves measured in water body around Dajin Island
Fig.8 Correlation coefficient between measured suspended sediment mass concentration and remote sensing reflectance
Fig.9 Comparison of different SSC inversion models based on single band reflectance of CASI
Fig.10 Comparison of different SSC inversion models based on CASI bands ratio
站位号 ρB/(mg·L?1) e/%
实测 反演
　　*P<0.01
T14 3.26 2.51 23.02
T17 18.74 16.41 12.43
T21 3.54 2.90 18.15
T23 3.54 3.30 6.68
T24 2.74 2.73 0.31
T27 3.74 3.29 11.90
T30 2.74 2.57 6.03
T31 2.34 2.09 10.73
Tab.3 Error analysis of SSC obtained by single band inversion model
站位号 ρB/(mg·L?1) e/%
实测 反演
　　*P<0.01
T14 3.26 2.94 9.67
T17 18.74 14.36 23.35
T21 3.54 2.50 29.30
T23 3.54 2.98 15.81
T24 2.74 2.40 12.27
T27 3.74 3.43 8.17
T30 2.74 2.62 4.55
T31 2.34 1.59 32.05
Tab.4 Error analysis of SSC obtained by bands ratio inversion model
Fig.11 Inversion of SSC from CASI data in Dajin Island
Fig.12 Inversion of SSC from MODIS data in Pearl River Estuary with range of CASI image marked by box
站位号 ρB/(mg·L?1) e/%
实测 反演
T1 10.07 8.81 12.48
T2 7.54 6.43 14.68
T3 8.74 7.84 10.31
T4 8.34 7.07 15.27
T5 9.54 8.80 7.76
T6 6.14 5.04 17.98
T7 1.77 1.43 19.48
T8 6.94 5.91 14.86
T9 1.87 1.56 16.61
T10 7.87 7.19 8.67
T11 10.94 9.58 12.45
T12 10.94 9.81 10.31
T14 3.26 2.34 28.12
T17 18.74 15.86 15.36
T19 2.14 1.79 16.23
T21 3.54 2.75 22.32
T23 3.54 3.10 12.35
T24 2.74 2.10 23.32
T27 3.74 3.17 15.32
T30 2.74 2.40 12.32
T31 2.34 2.05 12.54
Tab.5 Error analysis of SSC obtained by MODIS inversion model
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