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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2024, Vol. 58 Issue (9): 1781-1789    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.003
    
Dynamic multimedia pricing scheme based on three-party Stackelberg game in Internet of vehicles
Haibo ZHANG1(),Xinyue WANG1,Dongyu WANG2,Fu LIU3
1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
2. School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
3. Chongqing Urban Lighting Center, Chongqing 400023, China
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Abstract  

The user quality of experience (QoE) is reduced due to the low enthusiasm of the relay vehicle data forwarding and the limited storage space in the current Internet of vehicles (IoV) application scenarios. Thus, a dynamic multimedia pricing scheme based on the three-party Stackelberg game was proposed. Aiming at incentivizing relay vehicles to participate in forwarding multimedia content, a new multimedia content pricing framework was proposed, in which the relay vehicle received a full commission and then paid a partial commission to the roadside unit (RSU). A dynamic pricing model based on Stackelberg game was designed to establish a utility function, which was based on the storage space utilization, the content data size and the cost of the relay vehicle, the user vehicle and the RSU. The utility function was transformed into a three-party, four-stage Stackelberg pricing model. The existence of the Nash equilibrium solution was proved using backward induction technique, and the dynamic pricing process among the three parties was finally realized to achieve their respective optimal strategies. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme effectively solved the problem of overloaded storage space in the relay vehicle and improved the enthusiasm of the relay vehicle, and it had advantages over the traditional scheme in improving user QoE.

Key words： Internet of vehicles (IoV)      dynamic pricing      Stackelberg game      QoE      backward induction technique     
Received: 24 May 2023      Published: 30 August 2024
CLC:  TN 92  
Fund:  国家自然科学基金资助项目（62271094）；长江学者和创新团队发展计划基金资助项目（IRT16R72）；重庆市留创计划创新类资助项目(cx2020059).
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Haibo ZHANG
Xinyue WANG
Dongyu WANG
Fu LIU
Cite this article:

Haibo ZHANG,Xinyue WANG,Dongyu WANG,Fu LIU. Dynamic multimedia pricing scheme based on three-party Stackelberg game in Internet of vehicles. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(9): 1781-1789.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.09.003     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2024/V58/I9/1781


车联网中基于三方Stackelberg博弈的动态多媒体定价方案

在当前车联网的应用场景下，中继车辆数据转发的积极性低下与存储空间有限，导致用户体验质量（QoE）降低，为此提出基于三方Stackelberg博弈的动态多媒体定价方案. 为了激励中继车辆参与转发多媒体内容，提出多媒体内容定价框架，其中中继车辆获得全额佣金后向路侧单元（RSU）支付部分佣金. 设计基于Stackelberg博弈的动态定价模型，根据中继车辆、用户车辆与RSU三方的存储空间利用率、内容数据大小和成本因素，建立各自的效用函数，并将其转化为三方四阶段Stackelberg定价模型. 通过反向归纳法证明纳什均衡的存在，实现三方之间的动态定价以得到各自最优策略. 仿真结果表明，所提方案有效解决了中继车辆存储空间过载问题，并提高了中继车辆积极性，且在提升用户QoE方面较传统方案具有优势.


关键词： 车联网(IoV),  动态定价,  Stackelberg博弈,  QoE,  反向归纳法 
Fig.1 IoV communication model
Fig.2 Three-party game model
参数数值参数数值
Pmax/dBm27$\xi $[23]1
$\varepsilon $0.17$\tau $1.6
$\gamma $[21]0.1$\lambda $1/1024
Tab.1 Simulation parameter settings for three-party, four-stage Stackelberg game iterative algorithm
Fig.3 Impact of commission ratio changes on relay vehicle utility and RSU utility
Fig.4 Effect of different transmission rates on user utility
Fig.5 Utility of relay vehicle under different space utilization values
Fig.6 Comparison of RSU utility under different schemes
Fig.7 Comparison of utility of relay vehicle under different schemes
Fig.8 Comparison of utility of user vehicle under different schemes
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