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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2026, Vol. 60 Issue (6): 1350-1360    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.06.022
能源工程、环境工程     
黄土高原大气稳定性对湍流及风力机功率的影响
马玉龙1(),李寿图1,*(),李晔1,2,李德顺1,郜志腾3,葛亮4,王国伟5,马清东1
1. 兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730050
2. 南方科技大学 海洋科学与工程学院，广东 深圳 518055
3. 汕头大学 能源研究所，广东 汕头 515063
4. 三峡国际能源投资集团有限公司，北京 101111
5. 甘肃重通成飞新材料有限公司，甘肃 武威 733000
Effect of atmospheric stability on turbulence and wind turbine power in the Loess Plateau
Yulong MA1(),Shoutu LI1,*(),Ye LI1,2,Deshun LI1,Zhiteng GAO3,Liang GE4,Guowei WANG5,Qingdong MA1
1. College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2. Depart of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
3. Institute of Energy Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
4. China Three Gorges Internation Corporation, Beijing 101111, China
5. Gansu Chongtong Chengfei New Materials Limited Company, Wuwei 733000, China
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摘要：

基于该区域风电场建立的外场实验观察站的测量数据，研究黄土高原山地风电场中大气稳定度对湍流特性及风力机输出功率的影响. 结果表明，该风电场区域春季大气稳定性以稳定和中性层结为主，平均湍流度(TI)在不同的大气稳定性下均较高且差异不大，局地特征对湍流能量的影响剧烈. 中性层结的风力机输出功率性能最佳，而当风速大于7 m/s时，稳定层结下流场对地形的诱导作用更加敏感，使得湍流度分布更分散，风廓线非线性特征更明显，稳定层结的风力机功率输出低于非稳定层结，说明大气稳定度的影响具有显著的局地差异性特征.
关键词： 风能;  黄土高原;  外场实验;  大气稳定性;  MOST相似理论;  湍流特征;  功率输出    
Abstract:

The influence of atmospheric stability on turbulence characteristic and wind turbine power generation in a complex-terrain wind farm on the Loess Plateau was analyzed based on data from a field experiment observation station. Results showed that stable and neutral conditions dominated atmospheric conditions during spring, with high turbulence intensity (TI) under different atmospheric stability condition and little difference between them, while local characteristic had a dramatic impact on turbulent energy. The power performance was optimal under neutral condition. The flow field under stable condition was more sensitive to the induction effect of terrain in the wind speed range greater than 7 m/s, resulting in a more dispersed distribution of turbulence intensity and more obvious nonlinear characteristic of the wind profile. The power output under stable condition is inferior to that under unstable condition. Results indicate that the impact of atmospheric stability has significant local difference.
Key words: wind energy    the Loess Plateau    field experiment    atmospheric stability    Monin–Obukhov similarity theory    turbulence characteristic    power output
收稿日期: 2025-09-11 出版日期: 2026-05-06
CLC:  TK 81  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（12162022，52166014）；中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目（25ZYJH001）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2024M750568）；甘肃省教育厅青年博士支持项目（2024QB-034）；甘肃省重点研发计划基金资助项目（25YFGA034，25YFGA035）；甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划资助项目（2025CYZC-026）.
通讯作者: 李寿图     E-mail: ylma231206@163.com;lishoutu@lut.edu.cn
作者简介: 马玉龙（1989—），男，博士生，从事可再生能源与环境工程研究. orcid.org/0009-0006-0109-8291. E-mail：ylma231206@163.com
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引用本文:

马玉龙,李寿图,李晔,李德顺,郜志腾,葛亮,王国伟,马清东. 黄土高原大气稳定性对湍流及风力机功率的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2026, 60(6): 1350-1360.

Yulong MA,Shoutu LI,Ye LI,Deshun LI,Zhiteng GAO,Liang GE,Guowei WANG,Qingdong MA. Effect of atmospheric stability on turbulence and wind turbine power in the Loess Plateau. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2026, 60(6): 1350-1360.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2026.06.022    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2026/V60/I6/1350

参数数值参数数值
风轮直径/m105切出风速/(m·s?1)20
轮毂高度/m80额定风速/(m·s?1)10
切出风速/(m·s?1)3额定功率/MW2
表 1  风力机的基本参数
图 1  外场观测站的地理位置和实验方案
图 2  风向频率分布及激光雷达相对位置的示意图
图 3  风向频率分布及激光雷达相对位置的示意图
图 4  不同高度处的大气稳定性统计直方图
图 5  不同高度处风速归一化标准差与大气稳定度参数的关系
观测站工况$ {\sigma }_{u}/ {u}_{*} $$ {\sigma }_{v}/ {u}_{*} $$ {\sigma }_{w}/ {u}_{*} $
本文（157°~180°）LE2.392.990.42
本文（157°~180°）HH2.872.890.34
本文（157°~180°）UE3.122.660.26
CMAEMS (30 m)东南方向120°~150°3.703.301.30
CMAEMS (30 m)西北偏北方向300°~330°2.903.201.40
SACOL (2 m)四季3.352.981.26
表 2  中性大气层结条件下不同外场观测站的风速分量归一化标准差
图 6  不同高度处的湍流度概率分布特征
图 7  不同高度处湍流强度随风速的变化
图 8  不同大气稳定度下的各湍流强度散点图
图 9  不同高度下大气稳定度与无量纲湍动能的关系
图 10  不同大气稳定性下的功率输出特性
图 11  不同大气稳定性下的功率分布和风切变特性
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