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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (9): 1746-1755    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.09.006
土木工程、水利工程     
大跨悬索桥主缆抗火性能及其防护
李雪红1(),雷语璇1,赵军2,郭志明3,于俊杰4,徐秀丽1,*()
1. 南京工业大学 土木工程学院，江苏 南京 211816
2. 江苏法尔胜缆索有限公司，江苏 江阴 214445
3. 南京市公共工程建设中心，江苏 南京 210019
4. 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司华东分公司，江苏 南京 210031
Fire resistance performance and protection of long-span suspension bridge main cable
Xue-hong LI1(),Yu-xuan LEI1,Jun ZHAO2,Zhi-ming GUO3,Jun-jie YU4,Xiu-li XU1,*()
1. College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
2. Jiangsu FaErSheng Cable Limited Company, Jiangyin 214445, China
3. Nanjing Public Engineering Construction Center, Nanjing 210019, China
4. East China Branch of China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance and Design Institute Limited Company, Nanjing 210031, China
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摘要：

为了分析主缆的抗火性能并提出适宜的抗火防护方案，基于实际工程，采用油罐车燃烧火灾模型计算方法，分别从油罐车火灾燃烧的形式、火灾发生的位置、火灾燃烧的状态等方面进行对比分析，确定悬索桥最不利火灾场景为无风工况+油罐火灾+顶面和近主缆侧面燃烧+跨中靠近吊索位置. 采用Ansys软件分析最不利火灾场景下主缆的温度分布及耐火极限，得到主缆的耐火极限为48 min，最大失效厚度为90 mm. 通过对各类防火材料分析和调研，提出高硅氧复合材料防火结构；在高温试验60 min后，试件防火结构内侧温度为484 ℃，压缩后的防护结构的抗火性能略有提升. 基于试验结果并结合数值模拟，得到10 mm厚高硅氧复合防火结构；该结构可以满足在火灾发生后60 min主缆外表面温度不超过300 ℃的抗火设计目标.
关键词： 悬索桥主缆;  油罐车火灾;  最不利火灾场景;  空气升温曲线;  抗火性能;  抗火防护目标;  防护方案    
Abstract:

In order to analyze the fire resistance performance of the main cable and to propose the appropriate fire resistance protection scheme, based on the actual project, the calculation method for tank truck fire model was adopted to make a comparative analysis from the aspects of the tank truck fire burning form, the fire location and the fire burning state. The most unfavorable fire scenario of a suspension bridge was determined as windless condition+oil tank fire+top surface and near main cable side combustion+mid-span near sling position. The Ansys software was used to analyze the temperature profile and the fire resistance limits of the main cable in the most unfavorable fire scenarios. The fire resistance limit of the main cable was 48 minutes and the maximum failure thickness was 90 mm. Through the analysis and the investigation of various fireproof materials, a fireproof structure of high-silica composite material was proposed. After 60 min of an elevated temperature test, the inner temperature of the fireproof structure of the specimen was 484 ℃, and the fire resistance was slightly improved after the compression of the protective structure. Based on the test results and the numerical simulation, a 10 mm thick high-silica composite material fireproof structure was obtained. The obtained structure could meet the fire resistance design goal that the outer surface temperature of the main cable should not exceed 300 ℃ after 60 min of a fire.
Key words: main cables for suspension bridge    tanker fire    most unfavorable fire scenario    air heating curve    fire resistance    fire protection target    protection scheme
收稿日期: 2022-11-13 出版日期: 2023-10-16
CLC:  U 447  
基金资助: 江苏省交通运输科技项目（2021QD06）；江苏省研究生实践创新计划（SJCX22_0464）
通讯作者: 徐秀丽     E-mail: lixuehongnj@163.com;njxuxiuli@163.com
作者简介: 李雪红（1974—），女，教授，博士，从事钢结构桥梁研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-1345-4063. E-mail： lixuehongnj@163.com
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引用本文:

李雪红,雷语璇,赵军,郭志明,于俊杰,徐秀丽. 大跨悬索桥主缆抗火性能及其防护[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(9): 1746-1755.

Xue-hong LI,Yu-xuan LEI,Jun ZHAO,Zhi-ming GUO,Jun-jie YU,Xiu-li XU. Fire resistance performance and protection of long-span suspension bridge main cable. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(9): 1746-1755.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.09.006    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I9/1746

图 1  南京市仙新路过江通道跨江大桥的总体布置图
图 2  加劲梁标准横断面布置图
图 3  全桥有限元模型
图 4  主缆挤圆后截面
图 5  火灾动力学模拟工具中的火灾计算模型
图 6  各燃烧面热释放速率曲线
燃烧面 E/kJ QP/MW t1/s E1/kJ
顶面 1.68×109 59.2 562 $1.1 \times {10^7}$
近主缆侧面 1.68×109 47.36 502 $7.9 \times {10^6}$
远离主缆侧面 1.68×109 47.36 502 $7.9 \times {10^6}$
首端面 1.68×109 11.84 251 $9.9 \times {10^5}$
尾端面 1.68×109 11.84 251 $9.9 \times {10^5}$
表 1  油罐火灾关键参数
参数 数值
泄漏孔半径r/m 0.03
燃油泄漏速率QLiq/(kg·s?1) 9.45
泄漏燃烧油池最大直径Dm/m 14.8
燃烧油池扩散至最大直径时间tk/s 213
燃烧油池直径扩大速度Vp/(m·s?1) 0.069
泄漏油池火的燃烧时间tmax/s 4128
表 2  油池火灾关键参数
图 7  油罐车火灾的空气温度分布对比
图 8  油罐车边缘离主缆不同水平距离时空气温度沿高度变化曲线
图 9  最不利火灾场景下空气温度云图
图 10  最不利火灾场景下空气温度随高度的变化曲线
图 11  3种升温曲线的对比图
图 12  主缆截面温度沿径向分布曲线
图 13  不同高度主缆截面平均温度随时间的变化曲线
图 14  主缆截面平均温度随高度的变化曲线
图 15  主缆有限元模型
图 16  最不利火灾场景下未防护主缆的2种时程曲线
图 17  试件平面图、测点布置图和加工后试件外观
图 18  材料对比试验炉内升温曲线
图 19  防护材料对比试验后的试件
图 20  不同方案各测点温度时程曲线
图 21  主揽抗火试验炉内升温曲线
图 22  防护层压缩影响效应试验前后的试件形态
图 23  60 min时试件各测点温度
图 24  主缆直径影响效应试验前后的试件形态
图 25  试件直径和截面形状系数与温度相关关系曲线
图 26  主缆最外侧温度随主缆直径的变化曲线
图 27  主缆防护后最外侧温度的时程曲线
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