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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (9): 1858-1866    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.09.023
地球科学     
悬沙矿物组分对盐度测量的影响
李奇骏1(),姚炎明1,焦建格2,袁金雄1,赵新宇3,*()
1. 浙江大学 海洋学院，浙江 舟山 316021
2. 中国计量大学 机电工程学院，浙江 杭州 310058
3. 台州市港航管理局，浙江 台州 318000
Influence of mineral components of suspended sediment on salinity measurement
Qi-jun LI1(),Yan-ming YAO1,Jian-ge JIAO2,Jin-xiong YUAN1,Xin-yu ZHAO3,*()
1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. Taizhou Port and Shipping Administration Bureau, Taizhou 318000, China
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摘要：

选用石英砂、高岭土及两者的混合物模拟悬沙矿物，利用温盐深剖面仪CTD75M测定不同初始盐度和悬沙浓度下的水体盐度. 试验结果表明，测量盐度随初始盐度的减小、悬沙浓度的增大以及矿物组分密度的减小而减小. 运用有效介质渗透模型和Maxwell电导率模型分析含沙盐水的电导率；试验数据与电导率理论公式拟合良好，显示悬沙所占体积是影响相对电导率的主要因素. 对已有文献的试验数据进行分析，结果表明：基于悬沙浓度的经验盐度修正公式在悬沙密度不同的沿海海域并不适用，具有区域局限性. 为此提出基于悬沙体积分数的理论盐度修正公式，提高公式的适用范围.
关键词： 矿物组分;  盐度测量;  电导率模型;  理论修正公式;  1978实用盐标    
Abstract:

Quartz, kaolin and their mixture were used to simulate suspended sediment minerals. Salinity was measured by CTD75M in different initial salinities and suspended sediment concentrations. Results indicate that the measured salinity decreases with the decrease of initial salinity, the increase of suspended sediment concentration and the decrease of mineral component density. Effective medium percolation model and Maxwell conductivity model were applied to analyze the electrical conductivity in turbid water. The experimental data fitted well with the above theoretical conductivity formulas. Results indicate that the volume of suspended sediment is the key factor affecting the relative electrical conductivity. The experimental data of the existing literature were analyzed, indicating that the empirical salinity correction formula based on suspended sediment concentration has regional limitations, which is not applicable in coastal waters with different suspended sediment densities. Hence, a modified formula of theoretical salinity based on suspended sediment volume fraction was proposed to improve the applicable scope of the formula.
Key words: mineral components    salinity measurement    electrical conductivity model    theoretical modified formula    practical salinity scale of 1978
收稿日期: 2019-08-01 出版日期: 2020-09-22
CLC:  P 731.12  
基金资助: 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LQ20E090006）
通讯作者: 赵新宇     E-mail: 3130100107@zju.edu.cn;zxy-tzgh@126.com
作者简介: 李奇骏（1994—），男，硕士生，从事泥沙动力学研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-3938. E-mail： 3130100107@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

李奇骏,姚炎明,焦建格,袁金雄,赵新宇. 悬沙矿物组分对盐度测量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(9): 1858-1866.

Qi-jun LI,Yan-ming YAO,Jian-ge JIAO,Jin-xiong YUAN,Xin-yu ZHAO. Influence of mineral components of suspended sediment on salinity measurement. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(9): 1858-1866.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.09.023    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I9/1858

图 1  七电极传感器的示意图及原理图
图 2  石英砂和高岭土样品的颗粒累计曲线
电导率模型 原公式 简化公式
串联模型[29] $\sigma _{\rm{ser } }={\left( {\dfrac{ {\varphi _{\rm{m} } } }{ {\sigma _{\rm{m} } } } + \dfrac{ {\varphi _{\rm{p} } } }{ {\sigma _{\rm{p} } } } } \right)^{ - 1} }{\rm{ } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}6{\simfont\text{）}}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{ser } } = 0\;{\simfont\text{（}}7{\simfont\text{）}}$
并联模型[29] $\sigma _{\rm{par} }=\sigma _{\rm{m} }\varphi _{\rm{m} } + \sigma _{\rm{p} }\varphi _{\rm{p } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}8{\simfont\text{）}}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{par} }=\sigma _{\rm{m} }\varphi _{\rm{m } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}9{\simfont\text{）}}$
有效介质渗透模型[25] $\begin{array}{l} \sigma _{\rm{EM} }=\dfrac{1}{4}\Bigg\{ {\left( {3\varphi _{\rm{m} } - 1} \right)\sigma _{\rm{m} } + \left( {3\varphi _{\rm{p} } - 1} \right)\sigma _{\rm{p} } + } \\ \left. { { {\left[ { { {\left( {\left( {3\varphi _{\rm{m} } - 1} \right)\sigma _{\rm{m} } + \left( {3\varphi _{\rm{p} } - 1} \right)\sigma _{\rm{p} } } \right)}^2} + 8\sigma _{\rm{m} }\sigma _{\rm{p} } } \right]}^{{1}/{2} } } } \right\}\;{\simfont\text{（}}10{\simfont\text{）}}\end{array}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{EM} }=\dfrac{ {\rm{1} } }{2}\left( {3\varphi _{\rm{m} } - 1} \right)\sigma _{\rm{m } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}11{\simfont\text{）}}$
H-S模型下边界[30] $\sigma _{\rm{HS -} }=\sigma _{\rm{p} } + \varphi _{\rm{m} }{\left( {\dfrac{1}{ {\sigma _{\rm{m} } - \sigma _{\rm{p} } } } + \dfrac{ {\varphi _{\rm{p} } } }{ {3\sigma _{\rm{p} } } }} \right)^{ - 1} }{\rm{ } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}12{\simfont\text{）}}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{HS -}} = 0 \;{\simfont\text{（}}13{\simfont\text{）}}$
H-S模型上边界[30] $\sigma _{\rm{HS +}} = \sigma _{\rm{m}} + \varphi _{\rm{p}}{\left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sigma _{\rm{p}} - \sigma _{\rm{m}}}} + \dfrac{{\varphi _{\rm{m}}}}{{3\sigma _{\rm{m}}}}} \right)^{ - 1}}{\rm{ }}\;{\simfont\text{（}}14{\simfont\text{）}}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{HS +} }=\sigma _{\rm{m} } + \varphi _{\rm{p} }{\left( {\dfrac{ {\varphi _{\rm{m} } } }{ {3\sigma _{\rm{m} } } } - \dfrac{1}{ {\sigma _{\rm{m} } } }} \right)^{ - 1} }{\rm{ } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}15{\simfont\text{）}}$
Maxwell模型[31] $\sigma _{\rm{matrix} }=\sigma _{\rm{m} }\left( {1 + \dfrac{ {\varphi _{\rm{p} } } }{ {\left( {1 - \varphi _{\rm{p} } } \right){\rm{/3} } + { {\sigma _{\rm{m} } } / {\left( {\sigma _{\rm{p} } - \sigma _{\rm{m} } } \right)} } } }} \right)\;{\simfont\text{（}}16{\simfont\text{）}}$ $\sigma '_{\rm{matrix} }=\sigma _{\rm{m} }\dfrac{ {2 - 2\varphi _{\rm{p} } } }{ {2 + \varphi _{\rm{p} } } }{\rm{ } }\;{\simfont\text{（}}17{\simfont\text{）}}$
表 1  电导率模型及其简化公式
图 3  NaCl质量浓度与CTD75M测得的盐度的关系
图 4  不同质量浓度石英砂与高岭土在超纯水中的残留盐度
图 5  磁力搅拌器停止后测量盐度随时间的变化
图 6  不同矿物组成和初始盐度下的测量盐度
图 7  试验组相对电导率与悬沙体积分数的关系
图 8  不同悬沙体积分数下试验与电导率模型得到的相对电导的相对误差
图 9  试验组以及其他文献中悬沙浓度与相对电导率的关系
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