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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (5): 1014-1021    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.05.020
能源与动力工程     
垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉-余热锅炉性能及NOx排放
刘军(),李全功,廖义涵,王为术
华北水利水电大学 电力学院，河南 郑州 450045
Performance of incinerator-waste heat boiler and NOx emissions in solid waste incineration power plants
Jun LIU(),Quan-gong LI,Yi-han LIAO,Wei-shu WANG
School of Electic Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
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摘要：

为了掌握新建机组运行状况，探索烟气再循环对垃圾焚烧电厂污染物排放的影响，针对某垃圾处理量为500 t/d的垃圾焚烧电厂，现场测试省煤器出口烟气成分及炉内烟气温度，试验研究焚烧炉-余热锅炉性能，定量计算焚烧炉-余热锅炉效率及各项热损失，并根据试验测试结果，分析炉内NOx生成的影响因素. 结果表明：在不同负荷下，机组总热损失中排烟热损失所占比例最大，其次为炉渣热损失，在试验范围内，烟气再循环量对焚烧炉-余热锅炉效率影响较小；烟气中氧气的体积分数及烟气再循环对NOx排放影响显著，省煤器出口氧气的体积分数由4.52%增加到8.00%，NOx质量浓度由209.54 mg/m3升高到307.30 mg/m3，增加46.65%；与烟气再循环系统停运相比，当烟气再循环阀门全开时，省煤器出口NOx质量浓度由209.54 mg/m3降为126.15 mg/m3.
关键词： 垃圾焚烧;  焚烧炉-余热锅炉;  NOx排放;  烟气再循环;  性能试验    
Abstract:

The flue gas composition on the outlet of economizer and the flue gas temperature in the furnace were tested in a waste incineration power plant with a waste disposal capacity of 500 t/d, in order to master the operation status of a newly built units and explore the influence of flue gas recirculation on the pollutant emission of a waste incineration power plant. The performance of the incinerator-waste heat boiler was experimentally studied, and the efficiency of the incinerator-waste heat boiler and the heat losses were quantitatively calculated. The influencing factors of NOx emissions were analyzed based on the test results. Results indicate that the largest proportion of the total heat loss is the exhaust heat loss under different loads, and the next is the heat loss of slag. The influence of flue gas recirculation on the efficiency of incinerator-waste heat boiler is small within the test range. The oxygen volume fraction in the flue gas and the flue gas recirculation have significant influence on NOx emissions. The NOx mass concentration on the outlet of the economizer increased from 209.54 mg/m3 to 307.30 mg/m3, that is an increase of 46.65%, when the oxygen volume fraction on the outlet of the economizer increased from 4.52% to 8.00%. The NOx mass concentration on the outlet of the economizer decreased from 209.54 mg/m3 to 126.15 mg/m3 when the flue gas recirculation valve was fully opened, compared with the shutdown of flue gas recirculation system.
Key words: solid waste incineration    incinerator-waste heat boiler    NOx emissions    flue gas recirculation    performance test
收稿日期: 2019-05-16 出版日期: 2020-05-05
CLC:  TQ 028.8  
基金资助: 河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划资助项目(16IRTSTHN017)
作者简介: 刘军（1985—），男，讲师，博士生，从事废弃物资源化利用及污染物控制技术研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-2349. E-mail： lj7026@zju.edu.cn
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刘军
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引用本文:

刘军,李全功,廖义涵,王为术. 垃圾焚烧电厂焚烧炉-余热锅炉性能及NOx排放[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(5): 1014-1021.

Jun LIU,Quan-gong LI,Yi-han LIAO,Wei-shu WANG. Performance of incinerator-waste heat boiler and NOx emissions in solid waste incineration power plants. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(5): 1014-1021.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.05.020    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I5/1014

图 1  垃圾焚烧发电系统及流程图
项目 参数
设计垃圾热值/（kJ?kg?1） 6 699.00
烟气在>850 °C的条件下停留时间/s ≥2.00
焚烧残渣热灼减率/% ≤3.00
省煤器出口烟气温度/°C 190～220
焚烧炉-余热锅炉效率（100%MCR）/% 80.00
锅炉额定蒸发量（100%MCR）/（t?h?1） 51.8
蒸汽压力/MPa 4.0
主蒸汽温度/°C 400
汽包工作压力/MPa 5.0
汽包工作温度/°C 266
给水温度/°C 130
表 1  焚烧炉-余热锅炉主要设计参数
图 2  烟气取样分析系统图
项目 mwaste/
（t?d?1） 		ρ（CO）/
（mg?m?3） 		qm/
（kg?s?1） 		θ1/
°C 		θ2/
°C 		θ3/
°C 		θ850/
°C 		t/s Qout/
MW 		$Q_{{\rm{emi}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/
MW 		$Q_{{\rm{slag}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/
MW 		$Q_{{\rm{ash}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/
MW 		$Q_{{\rm{rad}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/
MW 		$Q_{{\rm{total}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/
MW 		Lemi/
% 		Lslag/
% 		Lash/
% 		Lrad/
% 		η/
% 		$\bar \eta $/
%
60%MCR 286.2 2.26 24.62 830 874 904 917 5.53 25.04 4.29 0.88 0.08 0.29 5.54 14.04 2.88 0.27 0.93 81.88 77.04
100%MCR 509.2 5.33 33.96 893 949 973 986 5.82 34.42 6.53 1.39 0.16 0.36 8.44 15.24 3.24 0.38 0.83 80.3 80.42
110%MCR 564.5 7.12 35.85 943 1 014 1 032 1 053 5.79 40.29 7.02 1.77 0.22 0.40 9.41 14.12 3.57 0.44 0.8 81.07 80.63
表 2  不同负荷工况下焚烧炉-余热锅炉性能测试结果
项目 qm/（kg?s?1） θeco/°C Qout/MW $Q_{{\rm{emi}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/MW $Q_{{\rm{slag}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/MW $Q_{{\rm{ash}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/MW $Q_{{\rm{rad}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/MW $Q_{{\rm{total}}}^{{\rm{loss}}}$/MW Lemi/% Lslag/% Lash/% Lrad/% η/% $\bar \eta $/%
工况1 33.96 193 34.42 6.53 1.39 0.16 0.36 8.44 15.24 3.24 0.38 0.83 80.3 80.42
工况2 33.68 195 34.36 6.41 1.41 0.18 0.36 8.36 15.00 3.30 0.42 0.84 80.43 80.37
工况3 33.41 198 33.98 6.48 1.42 0.18 0.35 8.43 15.28 3.35 0.42 0.83 80.12 80.26
表 3  再循环烟气对焚烧炉-余热锅炉效率影响
项目 qVrec/（m3?h?1） qVurea/（L?h?1） φ（O2）/% ρ（CO）/（mg?m?3） φ（CO2）/% ρ（NOx）/（mg?m?3） θeco/°C
工况1 0 0 4.52 9.56 13.92 209.54 198
工况2 0 0 6.25 4.58 12.50 265.01 196
工况3 0 0 8.00 1.97 10.98 307.30 198
表 4  不同氧气体积分数下省煤器出口烟气成分测试结果
项目 Z/% Vrec/（m3?h?1） Vurea/（L?h?1） φ（O2）/% ρ（CO）/（mg?m?3） φ（CO2）/% ρ（NOx）/（mg?m?3） θeco/°C
工况1 100 16 163.9 0 4.43 11.48 14.07 126.15 193
工况2 50 9 345.7 0 4.39 11.30 14.13 178.90 195
工况3 0 0 0 4.52 9.56 13.92 209.54 198
表 5  不同再循环烟气体积流量下省煤器出口烟气成分测试结果
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