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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2023, Vol. 57 Issue (2): 353-366    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.02.015
土木与交通工程     
无砟轨道结构层间损伤识别技术研究进展
杜威1,2(),任娟娟1,2,*(),张书义1,2,杜俊宏1,2,邓世杰1,2
1. 西南交通大学 高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室，四川 成都 610031
2. 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031
Research progress on interlayer damage identification technology of slab track structures
Wei DU1,2(),Juan-juan REN1,2,*(),Shu-yi ZHANG1,2,Jun-hong DU1,2,Shi-jie DENG1,2
1. MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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摘要：

无砟轨道在长期服役过程中受到列车荷载和复杂环境的耦合作用，会发生材料性能衰退、结构损伤累积，导致其服役性能逐渐劣化. 综合论述中国板式和双块式无砟轨道常见层间损伤的表现形式和产生的原因；总结探地雷达法、冲击回波法及其他局部损伤识别方法在无砟轨道损伤识别中的应用情况，提出结合多种局部损伤识别技术是实现轨道局部损伤精准识别的关键；归纳基于模态参数、无砟道床振动信号及车辆振动信号的整体损伤识别技术，指出须扩充现场损伤检测样本以提高识别方法的泛化能力；详细分析各类识别方法的优势和局限性，为完善中国无砟轨道结构损伤识别技术体系和制定科学合理的维修策略提供指导．
关键词： 无砟轨道;  层间损伤;  损伤原因;  局部损伤识别;  整体损伤识别    
Abstract:

Slab track suffers material performance decline and structural damage accumulation in the long-term service process under the coupling effect of train load and complex environment, resulting in a gradual deterioration of its service performance. The forms and causes of common interlayer damages on prefabricated slab track and double-block slab track in China were comprehensively discussed. The application of ground penetrating radar method, impact echo method and other local damage identification methods used in slab tracks were summarized. And it was proposed that combining multiple local damage identification techniques was the key to achieve accurate local damage identification of track structures. In addition, the overall damage identification technologies based on modal parameters, slab bed vibration signals and vehicle vibration signals were outlined. The need to expand the detection sample of field damages to improve the generalization of the overall identification method was pointed out. The advantages and limitations of various identification methods were analyzed in detail to provide guidance for improving the identification technology system of slab track structures in China and making scientific and reasonable maintenance strategies.
Key words: slab track    interlayer damage    damage cause    local damage identification    overall damage identification
收稿日期: 2022-06-14 出版日期: 2023-02-28
CLC:  U 213  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2021YFF0502100）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（52022085，52278461）；高速铁路无砟轨道设计与维护四川省青年科技创新研究团队资助项目（2022JDTD0015）
通讯作者: 任娟娟     E-mail: 2859409331@my.swjtu.edu.cn;jj.ren@swjtu.edu.cn
作者简介: 杜威（1994—），男，博士生，从事无砟轨道损伤识别研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-779X. E-mail： 2859409331@my.swjtu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

杜威,任娟娟,张书义,杜俊宏,邓世杰. 无砟轨道结构层间损伤识别技术研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2023, 57(2): 353-366.

Wei DU,Juan-juan REN,Shu-yi ZHANG,Jun-hong DU,Shi-jie DENG. Research progress on interlayer damage identification technology of slab track structures. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2023, 57(2): 353-366.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2023.02.015    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2023/V57/I2/353

轨道类型 损伤类型 损伤图示 可能的主要原因
CRTS I型板式无砟轨道 CA砂浆层离缝冒浆 1）温度梯度引起轨道板翘曲；
2）施工技术与工艺控制不当[16]；
3）路基冻胀、底座板刚度折减引起轨道结构变形；
4）初始离缝在列车荷载与水的作用下进一步加大．
CA砂浆破损掉块 1）沥青流失使砂浆失去塑性，列车荷载长期作用致脆性断裂；
2）砂浆内部形成通裂，造成局部大块脱离，后逐步窜出；
3）应力疲劳、拍板效应[16]．
CRTS II型板式无砟轨道 CA砂浆离缝 1）温度梯度和板间接缝引起的板端受力不均[17]；
2）复合多层结构发生主拉伸型、混合型和主剪切型损伤；
3）动水压力诱发水致病害．
轨道板上拱 1）轨道板与砂浆层的黏结强度削弱；
2）宽窄接缝破损；
3）轨道板初始上拱、高温荷载作用[18]；
4）轨道板施工锁定温度不一致或升温幅度不一致．
CRTS III型板式
无砟轨道 		自密实混凝土离缝、脱空 1）温度变化导致轨道板和自密实混凝土伸缩，
在列车荷载作用下致使自密实混凝土与底座板脱离[19]；
2）动水作用导致层间黏结混凝土研磨破坏；
3）施工时界面处理不干净或拉毛粗糙度不足，
层间黏结力不够．
双块式无砟轨道 轨枕松动 1）层间界面初始缺陷、温度作用；
2）列车荷载与水耦合作用[20]．
道床板与支承层层间离缝 1）施工时界面处理不干净或拉毛粗糙度不足，
层间黏结力不够；
2）列车荷载-环境复合作用下层间黏结失效[21]；
3）水致材料软化形成水致损伤．
表 1  无砟轨道典型层间损伤及原因分析
图 1  无砟轨道损伤的主要原因
检测方法 优点 缺点
探地雷达法 使用便捷，可连续快速检测，不受结构表面影响 回波信号易受钢轨和无砟轨道密布钢筋的干扰，人工解译雷达图像存在较多不确定因素，损伤识别精度较低
冲击回波法 单面检测，检测结果直观，受钢筋影响小，精度较高 测试效率低，不适合大面积检测，传统冲击回波法和空气耦合冲击回波法分别易受结构表面平整度和环境噪声的影响
弹性波反射法 受钢筋影响较小，对层间损伤较敏感 易受空腔内填充物和边界条件的影响，仅适合浅层脱空检测
超声波法 单面测试，操作方便 超声波信号衰减较快，且易受钢筋影响，对无砟轨道填充层损伤的检测效果不明显，检测效率偏低
机械阻抗法 单面检测，检测结果直观 受人工激振力大小和接触时间影响较大，选取损伤阈值的主观性较强
弹性波CT法 可对无砟轨道部件的整体质量进行全方位扫描 须满足2个对立的可测面，对无砟轨道典型层间损伤的适用性较低
表 2  不同局部损伤识别方法对比
图 2  无砟轨道整体损伤识别方法
识别方法 优点 缺点
基于模态参数的损伤识别 能较为准确地识别无砟轨道较大的层间损伤 获取精确的无砟轨道结构模态参数难度较大，对小损伤的识别精度较低
基于无砟道床振动信号的损伤识别 能较为准确地识别无砟轨道层间损伤位置或程度 较少能实现损伤位置和程度的同步识别，缺乏现场实测数据的验证
基于车辆振动信号的损伤识别 适合无砟轨道结构损伤实时状态的监测，对较大的层间离缝、脱空识别效果较好 受轨道不平顺的干扰，损伤特征指标对层间小损伤不敏感
表 3  不同整体损伤识别方法对比
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