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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (10): 2077-2083    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.10.019
土木工程、交通工程、海洋工程     
全海深宏生物保压取样装置设计与实验研究
王豪(),陈家旺*(),郭进,张培豪,王荧,周朋,方玉平
浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316000
Design and experimental research on full-sea depth pressure-retaining sampling device for macro organism
Hao WANG(),Jia-wang CHEN*(),Jin GUO,Pei-hao ZHANG,Ying WANG,Peng ZHOU,Yu-ping FANG
Ocean College, Zhengjiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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摘要:

针对非保压取样方法难以获取高质量生物样本的问题,提出全海深宏生物保压取样器. 考虑海上布放对装置质量的限制,提出中空式活塞取样结构. 针对深海的超高压环境,分析常规蓄能器设计中理想气体状态方程的不适应性,提出基于真实气体状态的设计方法. 针对密封圈移动引起的压降,设计液体主动补偿技术. 内压试验结果表明,保压筒和取样活塞具有足够的强度和良好的密封性. 高压舱测试表明,提出的取样系统在高压下可以稳定工作,设计的压力补偿系统能够显著地提高取样器的保压性能. 取样器在马里亚纳海沟深度超过10 800 m深度时进行2次原位实验,共获取端足类生物保压样品174只.

关键词: 深渊保压取样压力补偿主动增压高压舱测试    
Abstract:

A pressure-retaining sampler was proposed aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain high-quality samples by non-isobaric sampling methods. A hollow piston sampling structure was proposed considering the limitation of deployment weight. The non-adaptability of the ideal gas state equation which is used to design accumulators in engineering applications was analyzed for the ultra-high pressure environment in the deep sea, and a design method based on the real gas state was proposed. A liquid active compensation technique was designed for the pressure drop caused by the seal movement. The internal pressure test results show that the pressure vessel and the piston have sufficient strength and good sealing. The high-pressure chamber test shows that the proposed sampling system can work stably under high pressure, and the designed pressure compensation system can significantly improve the pressure retention performance of the sampler. The developed sampler captured 174 amphipods in the Marianas Trench at depths of more than 10 800 m.

Key words: hadal trench    pressure-retaining sampling    pressure compensation    active pressurization    high-pressure chamber test
收稿日期: 2021-11-11 出版日期: 2022-10-25
CLC:  P 754  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0310600,2017YFC0306500)
通讯作者: 陈家旺     E-mail: 12134002@zju.edu.cn;arwang@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 王豪(1994—),男,博士生,从事深海保压取样技术的研究. orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-3753. E-mail: 12134002@zju.edu.cn
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周朋
方玉平

引用本文:

王豪,陈家旺,郭进,张培豪,王荧,周朋,方玉平. 全海深宏生物保压取样装置设计与实验研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(10): 2077-2083.

Hao WANG,Jia-wang CHEN,Jin GUO,Pei-hao ZHANG,Ying WANG,Peng ZHOU,Yu-ping FANG. Design and experimental research on full-sea depth pressure-retaining sampling device for macro organism. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(10): 2077-2083.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.10.019        https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I10/2077

图 1  全海深宏生物保压取样器总体结构
图 2  取样器的详细结构
图 3  控制系统的功能图
参数 符号 取值
海底压力/MPa p 110
保压筒内径/m di 0.08
保压筒外径/m do 0.124
保压筒长度/m l 0.35
保压筒材料弹性模量/MPa E 110
保压筒材料泊松比 μ 0.3
海水弹性模量(120 MPa,4 ℃)/GPa K 2.04
保压筒内周长/m C 0.251
保压筒材料线膨胀系数/K?1 α 1.8×10?5
海底温度/K T1 275.15
海面温度/K T2 298.15
表 1  保压筒压降的计算参数及取值
图 4  蓄能器的可用流体体积
图 5  所需蓄能器的体积
图 6  密封移动导致压力降低的原理
图 7  液体压力补偿装置
图 8  保压筒的内压测试
图 9  全海深宏生物保压取样系统高压舱测试
序号 pt/MPa pr/MPa β/%
1 60.15 54.67 90.8
2 60.15 54.35 90.3
3 60.15 58.61 97.4
表 2  高压舱测试的结果
图 10  全海深宏生物保压取样器的海试
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