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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (7): 1375-1384    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.013
土木工程、水利工程、交通工程     
珠江河网典型横向汊道水面线演变及成因
王博芝1,2,3,4(),李博1,2,3,4,魏稳1,2,3,4,欧素英1,2,3,4,蔡华阳1,2,3,4,*(),杨清书1,2,3,4
1. 中山大学 河口海岸研究所，广东 广州 510275
2. 河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室，广东 广州 510275
3. 广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心，广东 广州 510275
4. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海），广东 珠海 519000
Water surface profile dynamics and underlying mechanism of typical transverse channels in Pearl River channel network
Bo-zhi WANG1,2,3,4(),Bo LI1,2,3,4,Wen WEI1,2,3,4,Su-ying OU1,2,3,4,Hua-yang CAI1,2,3,4,*(),Qing-shu YANG1,2,3,4
1. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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摘要：

以珠江河网中下游腹地的“四横两纵”横向汊道体系为研究靶区，采用余水位曲率、潮波衰减率公式及双累积曲线法，分析1960—2016年洪枯季的水面线演变过程及其与余水位曲率变化的对应关系，探究与之密切相关的人类活动影响机制. 结果表明，1993年前人类活动以联围筑闸为主，此时水面线在中下游“南沙-容奇”洪季呈下凹型，枯季呈微上凸型（洪季曲率为正，均值为1.50×10?10 m?1，枯季曲率为?6.64×10?12 m?1）. 在中上游“板沙尾-南华”洪枯季均为下凹型（曲率均为正，洪季均值为1.92×10?10 m?1，枯季为5.37×10?12 m?1）. 1993年后，中下游河道受人为采砂和航道疏浚的影响，导致水位降低. 围垦叠加海平面上升影响导致口门水位抬升，使得水面线在洪季的下凹程度增大（曲率为正，均值为3.98×10?10 m?1），枯季由微凸变凹（曲率为正，均值为1.85×10?10 m?1）. 中上游由于强烈的河道采沙和疏浚，导致中游来流量增大，另叠加桥梁建设对径潮流的阻滞作用，因而水面线在洪季和枯季均转为上凸型（曲率均为负，洪、枯季均值分别为?6.87×10?10和?0.55×10?10 m?1）.
关键词： 余水位坡度;  余水位曲率;  潮波衰减率;  水面线;  人类活动    
Abstract:

The “four horizontal and two vertical” transverse channel system in the Pearl River channel networks was selected as the study area. The dynamics of the water surface profiles of the “four horizontal and two vertical” system during the flood season and dry season from 1960 to 2016 was analyzed by using the approaches relating to curvature, tidal damping and double mass curve. The underlying mechanism of human interventions was analyzed. Results showed that human activities before 1993 were mainly related to building sluices. Then the water surface profiles were mainly concave in the middle and lower reaches ("Nansha-Rongqi") during the flood season, while were slightly convex during the dry season (the curvature during the flood season is positive with mean value of 1.50×10?10 m?1, while during the dry season being ?6.64×10 ?12 m?1). The water surface profiles during the flood and dry seasons were generally concave in the middle and upper reaches ("Banshawei-Nanhua") (curvatures are positive, with the mean values during the flood and dry seasons being 1.92×10?10 m?1 and 5.37×10?12 m?1, respectively). After 1993, the middle and lower reaches of the system were considerably affected by sand excavation and channel dredging, leading to a decrease in water level. The water level near the outlet was increased due to the combined impacts from both sea level rising and land reclamations. The degree of concave of the water surface profiles during the flood season was slightly increased (the curvature is positive with the mean value being 3.98×10?10 m?1), while the profiles changed from slightly convex to concave during the dry season (curvature is positive with a mean value of 1.85×10?10 m?1). The flow in the middle reaches increased due to the intense sand excavation and dredging activities in the middle and upper reaches of the system. The bridge construction and other obstacles exerted a negative impact on the transport of river and tidal flows. The water surface profiles became convex during both the flood season and the dry seasons (curvatures were negative with mean values of the flood and dry seasons being ?6.87×10 ?10 m?1 and ?0.55×10 ?10 m?1, respectively).
Key words: residual water level slope    residual water level curvature    tidal damping rate    water surface profile    human activity
收稿日期: 2021-07-10 出版日期: 2022-07-26
CLC:  P 343  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFC0402600）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51979296）
通讯作者: 蔡华阳     E-mail: wangbzh5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;caihy7@mail.sysu.edu.cn
作者简介: 王博芝（1995—），女，博士生，从事河口海岸动力学的研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-8506.E-mail： wangbzh5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

王博芝,李博,魏稳,欧素英,蔡华阳,杨清书. 珠江河网典型横向汊道水面线演变及成因[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(7): 1375-1384.

Bo-zhi WANG,Bo LI,Wen WEI,Su-ying OU,Hua-yang CAI,Qing-shu YANG. Water surface profile dynamics and underlying mechanism of typical transverse channels in Pearl River channel network. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(7): 1375-1384.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.013    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I7/1375

图 1  余水位坡度、潮波衰减率绝对值与流量的累积关系
变量 时间段 a b 贡献率/%
Q-S 1960—1992 1.00 1.03 109
Q-S 1993—2016 0.85 0.71 41
Q-|δ| 1960—1992 1.50 0.97 138
Q-|δ| 1993—2016 0.00 2.73 41
表 1  双累积曲线拟合参数及Q对S或|δ|的贡献率
图 2  1993年前、后同流量条件下余水位坡度与潮波衰减率的变化
图 3  “四横两纵”洪枯季余水位及潮差时空变化
图 4  突变前、后余水位坡度与潮波衰减率随三水和马口总流量的变化
图 5  “四横两纵”余水位曲率在不同河段的洪枯季及全年平均变化
图 6  1993年前、后的“四横两纵”洪枯季水面线形态变化
河道 Wmean/m Dmean/m r V/（万m3·a?1） v/（cm·a?1）
80年代 1999年
容桂水道 ?26 2.455 3.17 2.52 ?197.92 ?15.75
洪奇门水道 ?57 1.94 5.19 3.84 ?104.52 ?10
上横沥 ?25 0.96 3.40 2.83 ?13.29 ?3.7
下横沥 ?5 0.46 2.06 1.96 ?7.91 ?2.1
蕉门水道 ?83 0.31 4.90 4.49 20.62 1.6
凫洲水道 ?10 0.55 6.84 6.21 ?30.32 ?3.9
表 2  “四横两纵” 20世纪80与90年代沿程河道的冲淤变化[28]
图 7  1993年前、后洪季“四横两纵”沿程站点的横断面变化
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