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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (10): 1964-1970    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.10.013
能源工程、机械工程     
液态金属磁流体发电机空载电压
易仁义(),王勇*(),谢玉东,乔凯,张宇磊
山东大学 机械工程学院，山东 济南 250061
No-load voltage of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generator
Ren-yi YI(),Yong WANG*(),Yu-dong XIE,Kai QIAO,Yu-lei ZHANG
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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摘要：

为了探究影响液态金属磁流体发电机空载电压的因素，建立发电通道三维流动模型. 采用计算流体力学（CFD）技术，研究发电通道入口速度、磁感应强度、通道宽度、通道高度、液态金属类别对空载电压的影响. 考虑哈特曼层电流回流现象，通过添加绝缘块，对发电通道装置进行结构改进. 从改进后的磁流体速度分布和电流密度变化两方面，分析空载电压优化机理. 结果表明：空载电压与入口速度、磁感应强度、通道宽度成正比，与通道高度无明显关系，但是通道宽度越大，空载电压相对误差越高；高密度、低电导率的液态金属会降低空载电压. 发电通道改进前，空载电压的相对误差为12.3%；改进后的发电通道，空载电压比改进前提高13.3%，相对误差降至0.6%.
关键词： 液态金属磁流体（LMMHD）;  空载电压;  结构改进;  Fluent    
Abstract:

A three-dimensional flow model of power generation channel was constructed in order to analyze the factors affecting the no-load voltage of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generator. The influence of inlet velocity, magnetic flux density, channel width, channel height and liquid metal category on no-load voltage was analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The structure of power generation channel was modified by adding insulating blocks considering that current has reflux phenomenon in Hartmann layer. The optimization mechanism of the no-load voltage was analyzed from two aspects of the change of velocity distribution and current density. Results showed that the no-load voltage was proportional to the inlet velocity, magnetic flux density and channel width, but had no obvious relationship with channel height. The larger the channel width was, the higher the relative error of the no-load voltage was. The liquid metal with high density and low conductivity reduced the no-load voltage. The relative error of no-load voltage was about 12.3% before the improvement of generation channel. After the improvement, the no-load voltage was increased by 13.3% and the relative error was reduced to 0.6% compared with before improvement.
Key words: liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (LMMHD)    no-load voltage    structural improvement    Fluent
收稿日期: 2019-10-08 出版日期: 2020-10-28
CLC:  TK 5  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51875316）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR2019MEE025）
通讯作者: 王勇     E-mail: 2814069775@qq.com;meywang@sdu.edu.cn
作者简介: 易仁义（1996—），男，硕士生，从事磁流体发电技术的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-3513. E-mail： 2814069775@qq.com
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易仁义
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引用本文:

易仁义,王勇,谢玉东,乔凯,张宇磊. 液态金属磁流体发电机空载电压[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 1964-1970.

Ren-yi YI,Yong WANG,Yu-dong XIE,Kai QIAO,Yu-lei ZHANG. No-load voltage of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generator. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(10): 1964-1970.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.10.013    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2020/V54/I10/1964

图 1  发电通道的几何模型
图 2  典型截面的网格划分
图 3  Hunt算例通道模型
图 4  流速分布数值解与解析解的对比
工质 ρ/（kg·m3） σ/（S·m?1） μ/（Pa·s）
水银 1.35×104 1.04×106 0.16×10-2
镓铟锡合金 6.44×103 2.24×106 0.24×10-2
铀合金 8.85×103 2.30×106 0.27×10-2
钠钾合金 8.66×102 2.46×106 0.66×10-3
表 1  不同工质的物理化学性质
图 5  不同因素与空载电压的关系
工质 U/mV U′/mV δ/%
水银 0.48 0.410 14.6
镓铟锡合金 0.48 0.421 12.3
铀合金 0.48 0.418 12.9
钠钾合金 0.48 0.451 6.0
表 2  不同工质下的空载电压
图 6  基准条件下典型截面x方向的电流密度分布
图 7  典型截面x方向电流密度
图 8  典型截面z方向速度分布
图 9  典型截面上，y=0直线上的x方向的电场强度
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