Study on safe utilization technology model of high acidity and mild cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: a case of the cadmium-contaminated pilot area in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (6): 853-862 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273

Resource utilization & environmental protection

Study on safe utilization technology model of high acidity and mild cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: a case of the cadmium-contaminated pilot area in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province

Simin CHEN¹(

),Xinzhe LU²,Chunlei HUANG²,Jiachun SHI¹(

),Jianming XU¹

^1.Institute of Soil-Water Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^2.Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou 311203, Zhejiang, China

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Abstract

In the highly acidic soil pilot area contaminated by cadmium (Cd) in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province, we screened low-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars and soil passivators in the field and performed the combined effect tests for two consecutive years to explore the safe utilization technology model suitable for local Cd-polluted paddy fields. The results showed that ‘Xiushui 519’ (XS519), ‘Zhenuo 106’ (ZN106), ‘Zhongzheyou 1’ (ZZY1H) and ‘Zhongjia 8’ (ZJ8H) could be recommended as low-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars suitable for local planting. Among them, ‘Xiushui 519’ had the lowest and most stable Cd accumulation ability, and the average bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Cd in the rice grains in the two years were 0.090 and 0.159, respectively; in the screening tests of passivators, the improvement effect of lime (L) on soil pH was significant. Lime, iron-modified biochar (FeC) and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer (CaMgP) could reduce soil available Cd contents to a certain extent (passivation rates were 14.8%, 7.1% and 6.9%, respectively). In addition, 1 800 kg/hm² iron-modified biochar and 2 400 kg/hm² soil conditioner had better effects on reducing the Cd content in the rice grains of ‘Zhongjia 8’, which decreased by 32.2% and 29.0%, respectively, after application. According to the results of the combination tests of the low-Cd-accumulating cultivars and passivators, both the application of 2 250 kg/hm² iron-modified biochar and 2 250 kg/hm² soil conditioner increased obviously the soil pH values at the tillering stage and filling stage, the soil conditioner of which had a better improvement effect. The Cd contents in the rice grains of ‘Xiushui 519’ and ‘Zhenuo 106’ were extremely significant correlations with the soil pH values (5.19-5.61) at the mature stage. Within the range of soil pH values involved in the test, except for the combination of ‘Xiushui 519’ and the 1 500 kg/hm² soil conditioner, the Cd content in the rice grains increased with increasing application amount of passivators. Therefore, planting ‘Xiushui 519’ (a low-Cd cultivar) directly is the best choice for the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated paddy fields in this area, which is both economical and convenient.

Key words： mild cadmium pollution high acidity paddy soil safe utilization

Received: 27 July 2022 Published: 25 December 2023

CLC:

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Corresponding Authors: Jiachun SHI E-mail: chensimin@zju.edu.cn;jcshi@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Simin CHEN,Xinzhe LU,Chunlei HUANG,Jiachun SHI,Jianming XU. Study on safe utilization technology model of high acidity and mild cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: a case of the cadmium-contaminated pilot area in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(6): 853-862.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2023/V49/I6/853

强酸性轻度镉污染稻田安全利用技术模式探究

为探究适合强酸性镉（Cd）污染稻田土壤的安全利用技术模式，在浙江省永康市Cd污染试验区，连续2年开展田间Cd低累积水稻品种和土壤钝化材料筛选及其组合效果试验。结果表明：在品种筛选试验中，‘秀水519’（XS519）、‘浙糯106’（ZN106）、‘中浙优1号’（ZZY1H）和‘中嘉8号’（ZJ8H）可被推荐为当地适宜种植的低Cd累积水稻品种，其中‘秀水519’的Cd累积能力较低且稳定，2年的平均富集系数分别为0.090和0.159。在钝化材料筛选试验中，石灰对土壤pH值的提高效果显著，石灰、铁基生物质炭和钙镁磷肥能在一定程度上降低土壤有效态Cd含量（钝化率分别为14.8%、7.1%和6.9%），1 800 kg/hm²铁基生物质炭和2 400 kg/hm²土壤调理剂对‘中嘉8号’籽粒的降Cd效果较好，施用后籽粒含Cd量分别降低了32.2%和29.0%。在Cd低累积品种和钝化材料的组合试验中，施用2 250 kg/hm²铁基生物质炭和2 250 kg/hm²土壤调理剂均使水稻分蘖期和灌浆期的土壤pH值明显上升，其中土壤调理剂对酸性土壤的改良效果明显优于铁基生物质炭。‘秀水519’和‘浙糯106’的籽粒Cd含量与成熟期土壤pH值（5.19～5.61）呈极显著正相关，在试验所涉及的土壤pH值范围内，除‘秀水519’与1 500 kg/hm²土壤调理剂组合外，籽粒Cd含量随钝化材料施用量的升高而增加。从经济和轻简化角度考虑，种植‘秀水519’是目前该试验区Cd污染稻田安全利用的最佳选择。

关键词： 轻度, 镉污染, 强酸性, 稻田土壤, 安全利用

Table 1 pH values and Cd contents of passivators

Fig. 1 Cd contents and its bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in grains of different rice cultivarsDifferent lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level, and n=3. The same as Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 Soil pH values and available Cd contents before the test and at the mature stage of rice under different treatmentsDifferent lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences among treatments in the same stage at the 0.05 probability level, and n=3.

Fig. 3 Cd contents and its BCFs in ZJ8H rice grains under different treatments

Table 2 Unit price and application cost of passivators

Table 3 Soil pH values in diverse stages under different treatments

Table 4 Soil available Cd contents in diverse stages under different treatments

Fig. 4 Cd contents and its BCFs in rice grains under different treatmentsDifferent lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences among treatments in the same cultivar at the 0.05 probability level, and n=3.

Table 5 Pearson correlation analysis between soil physicochemical indexes at the mature stage of rice and grain-Cd contents


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