Effect of flooding in critical stage on cadmium accumulation and translocation of rice in different paddy soils

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (1): 74-88 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081

Resource utilization & environmental protection

Effect of flooding in critical stage on cadmium accumulation and translocation of rice in different paddy soils

Wenxian ZOU¹(

),Yuning ZHOU¹,Siting GU¹,Tuhai HUANG¹,Yuyou ZHI¹,Long MENG¹,Jiachun SHI¹(

),Jian CHEN²,Jianming XU¹

^1.Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Bureau of Agriculture & Rural and Water Resource of Wenling, Taizhou 317500, Zhejiang, China

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Abstract

A pot experiment was conducted in two paddy soils [paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil (PC) and diluvial gritty loaming paddy soil (DP)] to explore the effects of critical stage moisture managements on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and translocation in rice with five water managements. The water managements were moisture throughout growth (CK), continuous flooding (YS), flooding at tillering-jointing stage (FB), flooding at heading stage (CS) and flooding at filling-maturing stage (GC). The results showed that, in tillering stage, the contents of soil exchangeable Cd were CK≈CS≈GC?FB≈YS, and in other rice growth stages, which were CK≈FB≈CS≈GC?YS. In PC, Cd contents in grain were FB＞GC≈CK＞CS＞YS, and Cd content in grain of CS treatment decreased by 49.99% as compared with the CK. In DP, Cd contents in grain were CK≈GC＞CS≈FB＞YS, and Cd contents in grain of FB and CS treatments decreased by 50.52% and 44.85%, respectively, when compared with the CK. In PC, when compared with the CK treatment, CS treatment decreased the Cd translocation factor from stem to grain (TF₂), but FB treatment increased it. In DP, both FB and CS treatments reduced TF₂, when compared with the CK. There was a positive correlation between Cd content in grain and Cd content on root surface, and FB and CS treatments decreased the Cd contents on root surface in both paddy soils. FB treatment significantly increased the dithion-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB)-Fe content compared with other treatments in both paddy soils. The Cd content in grain had significant (P＜0.05) and highly significant (P＜0.01) negative correlation relationships with DCB-Fe and DCB-Mn in DP, but the relationship was not observed in PC. In summary, flooding measures in different stages influence the Cd content in grain by affecting the Cd translocation from stem to grain and affecting Cd content on root surface. Heading stage is the critical flooding stage in PC. In DP, tillering-jointing and heading stages are the critical flooding stages. The iron plaque has different effects on grain Cd accumulation and translocation in different paddy soils, which resulting in different critical flooding stages in two paddy soils.

Key words： soil available cadmium critical stage flooding rice translocation factor iron plaque on the root surface cadmium accumulation

Received: 08 April 2020 Published: 09 March 2021

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Corresponding Authors: Jiachun SHI E-mail: 21714107@zju.edu.cn;jcshi@zju.edu.cn

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	Wenxian ZOU
	Yuning ZHOU
	Siting GU
	Tuhai HUANG
	Yuyou ZHI
	Long MENG
	Jiachun SHI
	Jian CHEN
	Jianming XU

Cite this article:

Wenxian ZOU,Yuning ZHOU,Siting GU,Tuhai HUANG,Yuyou ZHI,Long MENG,Jiachun SHI,Jian CHEN,Jianming XU. Effect of flooding in critical stage on cadmium accumulation and translocation of rice in different paddy soils. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(1): 74-88.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.081 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2021/V47/I1/74

关键时期淹水对不同土壤上水稻镉累积和转运的影响

采用水稻盆栽试验，设置全生育期湿润（CK）、全生育期淹水（YS）、分蘖-拔节期淹水（FB）、抽穗期淹水（CS）和灌浆-成熟期淹水（GC）5个处理，探索水稻关键生长时期的淹水模式对2种土壤（淡涂黏田和洪积泥砂田）上水稻镉（Cd）累积转运的影响。结果表明：水稻分蘖期2种土壤的可交换态Cd含量呈现CK≈CS≈GC?FB≈YS，而在水稻的其他生长时期呈现CK≈FB≈CS≈GC?YS。在淡涂黏田中，水稻籽粒Cd含量呈现FB＞GC≈CK＞CS＞YS，CS比CK处理下降49.99%；而洪积泥砂田中籽粒Cd含量为CK≈GC＞CS≈FB＞YS，FB和CS处理分别比CK处理下降50.52%和44.85%。在淡涂黏田中，与CK处理相比，CS处理明显降低了茎向籽粒Cd的转运能力而FB处理增加了其转运能力；在洪积泥砂田中，与CK处理相比，FB和CS处理均明显降低了茎向籽粒Cd的转运能力。在这2种土壤中，水稻籽粒Cd与根表Cd含量均呈正相关关系；FB和CS处理均能降低根表Cd含量；且FB处理根表铁膜［主要成分是连二亚硫酸钠-柠檬酸盐-碳酸氢盐-铁（dithion-citrate-bicarbonate-Fe, DCB-Fe），其次是根表氧化锰DCB-Mn］含量均明显高于其他处理。其中，洪积泥砂田水稻根表DCB-Fe、DCB-Mn与籽粒Cd含量分别呈显著（P＜0.05）和极显著（P＜0.01）负相关，但在淡涂黏田上不存在任何相关性。综上所述，水稻关键时期淹水处理通过影响根表Cd含量和Cd从茎向籽粒的转运能力来影响水稻籽粒Cd的累积。抽穗期是淡涂黏田水稻降Cd的关键淹水时期，而在洪积泥砂田中是分蘖-拔节期和抽穗期。不同土壤中水稻铁膜对籽粒Cd积累的影响不同，导致2种土壤的关键淹水时期有所差异。

关键词： 土壤有效镉, 关键时期淹水, 水稻, 转运系数, 根表铁膜, 镉积累

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties and metal contents of the experimental soils

Table 2 Conditional controlling in different water managements

Fig. 1 Dynamic changes of Eh values in two paddy soils with different water managementsA. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. The green area represents the time of flooding at seedling stage (the 1st-25th d); the yellow area represents the time of flooding at tillering and jointing stages (the 26th-80th d); the blue area represents the time of flooding at heading stage (the 81st-95th d); and the white area represents the time of flooding at filling and maturing stages (the 96th-150th d).

Fig. 2 Dynamic changes of pH in two paddy soils with different water managementsA. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. The green area represents the time of flooding at seedling stage (the 1st-25th d); the yellow area represents the time of flooding at tillering and jointing stages (the 26th-80th d); the blue area represents the time of flooding at heading stage (the 81st-95th d); and the white area represents the time of flooding at filling and maturing stages (the 96th-150th d).

Fig. 3 Dynamic changes of Cd speciation proportion in two paddy soils with different water managementsA. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. F1: Exchangeable Cd; F2: Specifically adsorbed Cd including carbonate form; F3: Amorphous Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd; F4: Organic matter adsorbed/sulfide-bound Cd; F5: Residual Cd.

Fig. 4 Dynamic changes of DGT-Fe, DGT-Mn, DGT-P and DGT-S contents in two paddy soils with different water managementsA₁-A₄. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B₁-B₄. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. Different lowercase letters above bars represent significant differences among different treatments at the same stage at the 0.05 probability level; n=3.

Table 3 Correlation relationships among the elements of soil, rice root surface and grain in different rice growth stages

Fig. 5 Dynamic changes of DCB-Fe contents on root surface in two paddy soils with different water managementsA. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. Different lowercase letters above bars represent significant differences among different treatments at the same stage at the 0.05 probability level; n=3.

Fig. 6 Dynamic changes of Cd contents on root surface in two paddy soils with different water managementsA. Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; B. Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Please see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. Different lowercase letters above bars represent significant differences among different treatments at the same stage at the 0.05 probability level; n=3.

Fig. 7 Cd contents in rice grain, root, stem and leaf in two paddy soils with different water managementsPlease see the Table 2 for the details of each treatment symbol. PC: Paddy field on desalting clayey polder soil; DP: Diluvial gritty loamy paddy soil. Different lowercase letters above bars represent significant differences among different treatments at the same stage at the 0.05 probability level; n=3.

Table 4 Cd translocation factors with different water managements in rice


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