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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (1): 85-94    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2017.11.213
Resource utilization & environmental protection     
Structural characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Xu WEN1,2(),Xuzhou MA1(),Wei FAN3,Xingxing LI4,Yingliang ZHONG2
1. National Demonstration Center of Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2. Fisheries Research Institute of Ganzhou City, Ganzhou 341100, Jiangxi, China
3. Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, China
4. Fisheries Station of Zunyi City, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
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Abstract  

Aiming to explore the effect of reasonable reed type rice acreage on the purification of culture water of crab pond, we analyzed the characteristics of phytoplankton functional group community and their relationship with environmental factors. From July to October, 2015, the species composition, biological density, biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of phytoplankton and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 126 phytoplankton species were identified, and most of them belonged to Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria, being classified into 71 genera and eight phyla. Simultaneously, 16 dominant species were classed into 12 functional groups of R, S1, G, J, B, D, P, LO, WO, X2, X1 and MP. The ranges of average biological density, average biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were 0-(8.135±4.794)×107 L－1, (1.079±0.454)-(38.162±13.414) mg/L, (1.301±0.072)-(2.387±0.368), (0.346±0.006)-(0.843±0.125), (1.038±0.183)-(1.852±0.131), respectively. The redundancy analysis (RDA) result showed that the most important factors affecting the structure of phytoplankton functional groups were nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, temperature, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a. The water pollution level of young carb pond was α-fouling. The comparative analysis of phytoplankton diversity in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group were all higher than those in the other three groups and were relatively stable; however, the richness index of the phytoplankton in the 20% group was higher than the other three groups in the mid-term, and lower than 0% and 10% groups in the late-term, but higher than 30% group. In conclusion, the crab pond with reed type rice of 20% area is more appropriate.

Key words： Chinese mitten crab      reed type rice      phytoplankton functional groups      biodiversity index      environmental factor     
Received: 21 November 2017      Published: 28 March 2019
CLC:  S 966.16  
  X 824  
  X 826  
Corresponding Authors: Xuzhou MA     E-mail: wenxu.shou@foxmail.com;xuzhouma@126.com
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Xu WEN
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Cite this article:

Xu WEN,Xuzhou MA,Wei FAN,Xingxing LI,Yingliang ZHONG. Structural characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(1): 85-94.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2017.11.213     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2019/V45/I1/85


不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物功能类群的结构特征

为分析不同面积（0%、10%、20%、30%）芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物功能类群结构特征及其与环境因子的关系，并探究合适的幼蟹池塘套种芦苇稻的面积，在2015年7—10月对不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物进行了监测，分析了其种类组成、生物密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：在共采集到的126种浮游植物中，以绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为主，隶属于8门71属，16个优势种分属于12个功能类群，为R、S1、G、J、B、D、P、LO、WO、X2、X1、MP。不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物平均密度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围分别为：0～（8.135±4.794）×107 L－1、（1.079±0.454）～（38.162±13.414） mg/L、（1.301±0.072）～（2.387±0.368）、（0.346±0.006）～（0.843±0.125）、（1.038±0.183）～（1.852±0.131）。浮游植物功能类群丰度的主要驱动因子是硝酸态氮、总氮、水温、总磷、叶绿素a。不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘水体污染等级为α-中污型，其中20%组池塘浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数整体上均高于其他3组且相对稳定，丰富度指数在养殖中期高于其他3组，在养殖后期低于0%和10%组，但高于30%组，因此，幼蟹塘以种植20%面积的芦苇稻较为合适。


关键词： 中华绒螯蟹,  芦苇稻,  浮游植物功能类群,  生物多样性指数,  环境因子 

芦苇稻面积比例

Reed type rice acreage proportion/%

水稻穴数

Number of hill

每穴分蘖数

Tiller number per hill

mf(稻穗)

Fresh mass of spike/g

md(稻穗)

Dry mass of spike/g

101 124.3±8.1415～2512.66±0.288.58±0.11
202 237.0±9.1715～2512.64±0.718.92±0.30
303 404.3±8.6215～2513.58±0.908.81±0.48
Table 1 Cultivation and production situation of reed type rice in different treatment groups
Fig. 1 Variation of species composition of phytoplankton in the experimental ponds
Fig. 2 Variation of species composition of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages

组群

Group

代表种（属）

Representative species (genus)

生境描述

Habitat description

R绿球藻属 Chlorococcum sp.

寡营养型到中营养型深水湖泊的变温层或

深水层

S1席藻 Phormidium sp.，蓝纤维藻 Dactylococcopsis sp.透明度较低的混合水体
G空球藻 Eudorina sp.，实球藻 Pandorina sp.

富营养型小型湖泊及大型河流和贮水池等

静止水域

J

集星藻Actinastrumsp.，盘星藻Pediastrumsp.，空星藻Coelastrumsp.，

栅藻Scenedesmussp.

混合营养型高纯度的浅水水体
B

具星小环藻Cyclotella stelligera，岛直链藻Aulacoseira islandica(Mull.)

Simonsen

中营养型中小型湖泊，无分层现象
D尖针杆藻 Synedra acus，双头针杆藻 Synedra amphicephal河流在内的浑浊型浅水体
P普通等片藻 Diatoma vulgare，颗粒直链藻 A. granulate连续或半连续的水体混合层，水体营养指数高
LO平裂藻 Merismopedia sp.，多甲藻 Peridinium sp.，色球藻 Chrococccus sp.寡营养型到富营养型、大中型深水或浅水湖泊
WO衣藻 Chlamydomonas sp.，绿色颤藻 Oscillatoria chlorina有机物或腐殖质丰富的河流和池塘
X2蓝隐藻 Chroomonas sp.，隐藻 Cryptomonas sp.中营养型到高度营养型浅水水体
X1微小单针藻 Monoraphidum minutum，纤维藻 Ankistrodesmus sp.富营养型到高度营养型浅水水体
MP卵形藻 Cocconeis sp.，舟形藻 Navicula sp.，链丝藻 Ulothrix sp.经常受搅动的、无机的、浑浊的水体
Table 2 Functional groups of phytoplankton dominant species in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig. 3 Variation of average density of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages

芦苇稻面积比例

Reed type rice acreage proportion/%

平均密度

Average density/(107L－1)

平均生物量

Average biomass/(mg/L)

02.042±0.764ab10.233±3.769a
101.389±0.371b11.411±4.451a
202.033±0.656ab16.099±4.862a
304.025±1.941a14.170±4.311a
Table 3 Average density and biomass of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig. 4 Variation of average biomass of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig. 5 Variation of Shannon-Wiener diversity index average of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig. 6 Variation of Pielou evenness index average of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig. 7 Variation of Margalef richness index average of phytoplankton in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages

水质指标

Water quality index

芦苇稻面积比例Reed type rice acreage proportion/%
0102030
水温 t/℃19.83～29.0719.07～29.1719.30～29.1718.77～29.53
平均值Average/℃25.09±3.0325.40±2.9025.15±2.8825.04±3.18
ρ(DO)/(mg/L)0.86～5.011.60～3.621.59～5.011.28～3.78
平均值Average/(mg/L)3.07±1.432.84±0.912.96±0.962.80±0.77
pH7.12～7.796.89～8.737.09～7.856.95～8.10
平均值Average7.38±0.337.42±0.207.42±0.567.41±0.21
ρ(Ca-Mg总硬度) Ca-Mg total hardness/(mg/L)0.108～0.7430.092～0.7560.103～0.7530.088～0.724
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.300±0.2910.300±0.2980.306±0.2990.282±0.276
ρ(CODMn)/(mg/L)7.19～11.646.90～11.297.00～12.236.67～12.51
平均值Average/(mg/L)10.52±1.879.98±1.309.90±1.3510.22±1.58
ρ(TN)/(mg/L)1.009～1.0371.001～1.0351.007～1.0311.014～1.062
平均值Average/(mg/L)1.026±0.0091.025±0.0141.026±0.0091.032±0.015
ρ(NH4＋-N)/(mg/L)0.052～0.0590.051～0.0590.051～0.0550.052～0.059
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.054±0.0030.054±0.0030.053±0.0020.055±0.003
ρ(NO2－-N)/(mg/L)0.011～0.0150.011～0.0130.010～0.0130.011～0.015
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.012±0.0020.012±0.0010.012±0.0010.013±0.002
ρ(NO3－-N)/(mg/L)0.002～0.0060.003～0.0050.002～0.0040～0.004
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.004±0.0010.0035±0.0010.003±0.0010.002±0.002
ρ(TP)/(mg/L)0.004～0.0560.004～0.0570.004～0.0560.004～0.056
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.015±0.0090.012±0.0050.011±0.0050.012±0.006
ρ(PO43－-P)/(mg/L)0～0.0020～0.0010～0.0020.001～0.002
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.001±0.0010.001±0.0010.001±0.0010.001±0.001
ρ(Chl a)/(mg/L)0.008～0.2630.019～0.2540.047～0.2680.024～0.440
平均值Average/(mg/L)0.104±0.0860.183±0.0860.135±0.0820.230±0.141
Table 4 Characteristics of water quality in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
Fig.8 Redundancy analysis of functional groups of phytoplankton and water environmental factors in the young crab pond with different reed type rice acreages
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