全球重要农业文化遗产桑基鱼塘时空格局演变和驱动因素

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.04.101

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2024, Vol. 50

Issue (2): 200-208 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.04.101

研究论文

全球重要农业文化遗产桑基鱼塘时空格局演变和驱动因素

周然¹(

),游诗雪²,黄璐³,王珂^1,³(

)

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院, 浙江杭州 310058
^2.中国计量大学经济与管理学院, 浙江杭州 310018
^3.浙江大学新农村发展研究院, 浙江杭州 310058

Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and driving factors of the globally important agricultural heritage system mulberry-dykes and fish-ponds

Ran ZHOU¹(

),Shixue YOU²,Lu HUANG³,Ke WANG^1,³(

)

^1.College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^2.College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
^3.The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

浙江省湖州市南浔区是目前桑基鱼塘保留最完整、规模最大的区域之一，该地的桑基鱼塘系统被列入全球重要农业文化遗产。随着社会经济发展、消费需求改变、农业现代化生产，桑基鱼塘系统的生产方式、经济及服务价值等发生了重大变化。本文利用遥感影像、社会经济等数据对1975—2019年南浔区桑基鱼塘的时空格局演变和驱动因素进行了研究，主要结果如下：1）从规模变化上看，鱼塘快速扩张，桑园明显减少，水田剧烈萎缩，桑基鱼塘规模明显减小，基塘比例严重降低；从形态变化上看，鱼塘呈集聚化、规模化趋势，桑园和水田呈破碎化趋势，且鱼塘逐渐脱离传统桑基鱼塘系统布局特色而独立存在。2）2012—2019年，鱼塘养殖的经济效益远高于蚕桑养殖和水稻种植，是导致桑园、水田明显萎缩及鱼塘大规模扩张的主要驱动力。因此，通过全球重要农业文化遗产的建立来进一步加强桑基鱼塘系统的保护与传承是非常必要的，也是支撑湖州市南浔区农业可持续发展的重要举措。

关键词： 桑基鱼塘系统; 全球重要农业文化遗产; 时空格局; 经济效益

Abstract:

Nanxun District of Huzhou City in Zhejiang Province is one of the most complete and largest areas of mulberry-dykes and fish-ponds, and the mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system in this area has been listed in the globally important agricultural heritage systems. With the development of the social economy, the change of consumer demand and the modernization of agricultural production, the production modes, economies and service values of mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system have undergone great changes. Using remote sensing images, socio-economic data and other data, we analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern evolution and driving factors of mulberry-dykes and fish-ponds in Nanxun District from 1975 to 2019. The results were as follows: 1) In terms of scale changes, fish ponds expanded rapidly; mulberry fields decreased significantly; paddy fields shrank dramatically; the scale of mulberry-dykes and fish-ponds decreased significantly; and the proportion of dyke-pond decreased seriously. In terms of morphological changes, fish ponds showed a trend of agglomeration and scaling, while mulberry fields and paddy fields showed a trend of fragmentation, and fish ponds gradually separated from the traditional mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system layout characteristics and existed independently. 2) From 2012 to 2019, the economic benefits of fish pond farming were much greater than those of silkworm breeding and rice planting, which was the main driving force leading to the obvious shrinkage of mulberry fields and paddy fields and the large-scale expansion of fish ponds. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the protection and inheritance of the mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system through the establishment of globally important agricultural heritage systems, and it is also an important measure to support sustainable agricultural development in Nanxun District of Huzhou City.

Key words: mulberry-dyke and fish-pond system globally important agricultural heritage systems spatio-temporal pattern economic benefits

收稿日期: 2023-04-10 出版日期: 2024-04-30

CLC:

F304.5

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(41971236)

通讯作者: 王珂 E-mail: 22014165@zju.edu.cn;kwang@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 周然（https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4207-5795），E-mail：22014165@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

周然,游诗雪,黄璐,王珂. 全球重要农业文化遗产桑基鱼塘时空格局演变和驱动因素[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2024, 50(2): 200-208.

Ran ZHOU,Shixue YOU,Lu HUANG,Ke WANG. Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and driving factors of the globally important agricultural heritage system mulberry-dykes and fish-ponds. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 200-208.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.04.101 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I2/200

表1 1975—2019年南浔区土地利用变化统计

图1 1975—2019年南浔区桑基鱼塘空间分布

图2 1975—2019年南浔区鱼塘、桑园、水田MSPA比例图A.鱼塘；B.桑园；C.水田。

图 3 1975—2019年南浔区鱼塘、桑园、水田MSPA主要类型分布图A.鱼塘；B.桑园；C.水田。

图4 不同农业生产系统经济效益变化A.蚕桑养殖；B.淡水鱼养殖；C.粳稻种植。市场价格为每50 kg农产品的平均出售价格。

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