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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2022, Vol. 48 Issue (6): 731-743    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.271
综述     
果树火疫病研究进展
方茜1,2(),徐幼平3,蔡新忠1,2()
1.浙江大学海南研究院，海南 三亚 572025
2.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所，浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室，杭州 310058
3.浙江大学分析测试中心，杭州 310058
Research progress of fire blight in fruit trees
Xi FANG1,2(),Youping XU3,Xinzhong CAI1,2()
1.Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
2.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3.Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要：

火疫病由革兰氏阴性菌解淀粉欧文菌（Erwinia amylovora）引起，严重危害蔷薇科植物，是限制我国梨和苹果产业发展的重要因子。E. amylovora毒力强，寄主范围广泛，难以找到统一的根治靶标。随着耐药性菌株的出现，对该病害的控制变得更加困难。本文综述了火疫病的病害特性、发生规律、防控方法以及E. amylovora致病机制和植物抗性机制研究进展，为火疫病的深入研究和有效防治提供参考。
关键词： 火疫病;  解淀粉欧文菌;  流行学;  致病机制;  抗病机制;  防控    
Abstract:

Fire blight is an important disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora that severely harms Rosaceae plants, and it is an important factor to restrict the development of pear and apple industries in China. Erwinia amylovora is highly virulent with a wide host range, and thus it is difficult to find a unified target for its eradication. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains, control of the disease becomes more difficult. In this paper, the disease characteristics, epidemiology, management methods and the mechanisms underlying E. amylovora pathogenicity and plant resistance were reviewed, which could provide references to further research and efficient control of fire blight.
Key words: fire blight    Erwinia amylovora    epidemiology    pathogenicity    disease resistance    management
收稿日期: 2022-07-27 出版日期: 2022-12-27
CLC:  S 432  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200);新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(XJLKY20190620)
通讯作者: 蔡新忠     E-mail: 1614671153@qq.com;xzcai@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 方茜（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-3590），E-mail：1614671153@qq.com
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引用本文:

方茜,徐幼平,蔡新忠. 果树火疫病研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(6): 731-743.

Xi FANG,Youping XU,Xinzhong CAI. Research progress of fire blight in fruit trees. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(6): 731-743.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.271    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I6/731

图1  梨火疫病症状A.黑色手杖状弯曲的病枝；B.病枝上的菌脓；C.发病幼果上的水渍状病斑。
图2  植物与 E. amylovora 互作分子机制本图由Figdraw（http://www.figdraw.com）绘制。火疫病菌效应蛋白用不同颜色圆球表示，通过T3SS进入植物细胞质内；DspA/E和HrpN分别与LRR受体激酶DIPM1～4和跨膜蛋白HIPM互作，促进病害发生；Eop4/AvrRpt2EA切割MdRIN4，产生ACP3，活化R蛋白Mr5，激发ETI免疫；Eop1可能被FB_Mf12及FB_E12识别，激发抗病性；Eop2和Eop3的免疫识别机制尚不明确。

药剂

Chemical

用量

Dosage

效率

Efficiency/%

文献

Reference

硫酸铝钾 Aluminum potassium sulfate3 000～4 000倍液56～85[2]
链霉素 Streptomycin3 000～4 000倍液60～97[2]
波尔多液 Bordeaux mixture1∶2∶200倍量34～60[50]
春雷·王铜 Kasugamycin·copper oxychloride700倍液74～82[51]
氢氧化铜 Copper hydroxide1 000倍液75～88[52]
恶喹酸 Oxolinic acid666倍液68～80[47]
调环酸 Prohexadione carboxylic acid (PCA)625倍液60～75[48]
土霉素 Oxytetracycline700 mg/L57～61[49]
表1  火疫病防控药剂

生防制剂

Biological control agent

效率

Efficiency/%

文献

Reference

荧光假单胞菌A506

Pseudomonas fluorescens A506

40～60[53]

成团泛菌D325

Pantoea agglomerans D325

60～65[56]

成团泛菌P10c

Pantoea agglomerans P10c

60～66[56]

枯草芽孢杆菌QST713

Bacillus subtilis QST713

58～63[56]

枯草芽孢杆菌BD170

Bacillus subtilis BD170

43～71[56]

禾谷假单胞菌49M

Pseudomonas graminis 49M

73～86[54]

草生欧文菌89

Erwinia herbicola 89

65～70[55]

成团泛菌ACBP2

Pantoea agglomerans ACBP2

73～90[56]

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LMR2

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LMR2

70～90[56]

莫海威芽孢杆菌SF16

Bacillus mojavensis SF16

70～90[56]

调环酸钙

Prohexadione-calcium (PhCa)

71～73[63]

苯丙噻重氮

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM)

62～76[69]

抗菌肽BP100

Antimicrobial peptide BP100

75～90[75]

杀菌肽A-蜂毒素杂合物

Cecropin A-melittin (CAM)

55～76[73]

抗菌肽BP358

Antimicrobial peptide BP358

78～95[76]
表2  火疫病生防制剂
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