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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2023, Vol. 49 Issue (3): 305-318    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.05.311
作物科学     
井窖深栽烟苗的生理响应及其转录组和次生代谢特征
林叶春1(),童文杰2,陈代荣3,许灵杰4,蒋石香5,吴有祥6,杨洋6,艾永峰3,李洪勋1,潘文杰4()
1.贵州省烟草科学研究院，烟草行业山地烤烟品质与生态重点实验室，贵州 贵阳 550081
2.云南省烟草农业科学研究院，云南 昆明 650021
3.贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司，贵州 铜仁 554300
4.中国烟草总公司贵州省公司，贵州 贵阳 550000
5.贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司，贵州 遵义 563000
6.贵州中烟工业有限责任公司，贵州 贵阳 550009
Physiological response and its transcriptomic and secondary metabolic characteristics oftobacco seedlings under well-cellar style transplanting
Yechun LIN1(),Wenjie TONG2,Dairong CHEN3,Lingjie XU4,Shixiang JIANG5,Youxiang WU6,Yang YANG6,Yongfeng AI3,Hongxun LI1,Wenjie PAN4()
1.Upland Flue-cured Tobacco Quality & Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
2.Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
3.Tongren Branch Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
4.Guizhou Tobacco Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
5.Zunyi Branch Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
6.China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co. , Ltd. , Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
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摘要：

为揭示井窖深栽促进作物生长的理论机制，以常规移栽为对照，比较分析了井窖深栽烟苗的生理生化和转录组特征。结果表明：井窖深栽烟苗生长环境的平均气温为22.29 ℃，比常规移栽提高了4.76 ℃；环境相对湿度为97.10%，较常规移栽增加了58.97%；烟苗叶片的平均太阳光合有效辐射为221.57 μmol/（m2·s），比常规移栽降低了20.53%。与常规移栽相比，井窖深栽烟苗株高显著增加，最大叶面积显著增大，叶片水势提高29.92%～64.46%，增加显著；叶片超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性及丙二醛（malonaldehyde, MDA）含量分别降低了14.48%、8.86%和9.83%（P＜0.05）。转录组测序共发现4 845个差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes, DEGs），其中下调表达基因2 693个，上调表达基因2 152个；基因本体（gene ontology, GO）富集分析表明，下调DEGs主要富集于氧化还原过程和氧化还原酶活性等功能途径；京都基因和基因组数据库（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG）通路富集分析表明，DEGs最显著富集于黄酮类化合物生物合成途径，该途径关键酶查耳酮异构酶、黄烷酮-3-羟化酶、黄酮醇合成酶、黄酮类-3′-羟化酶、黄酮醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷L-鼠李素转移酶等的相关基因表达下调。常规移栽烟苗叶片中的二氢槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷、木犀草素、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷等7种黄酮类化合物含量显著高于井窖深栽烟苗。井窖深栽提高了移栽烟苗生长环境的温、湿度，降低了叶片光合有效辐射，避免了烟苗遭遇明显逆境胁迫，促进了烟苗的生长发育。
关键词： 常规移栽;  井窖深栽;  逆境胁迫;  RNA测序;  黄酮类生物合成    
Abstract:

In order to demonstrate the mechanism of promoting crop growth by the well-cellar style transplanting (WCST), this study analyzed the physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic characteristics of tobacco seedlings under WCST compared with the conventional transplanting (CT), in which seedlings were transplanted on membranes. The results showed that under WCST, the average air temperature and average relative humidity of the atmosphere were 22.29 ℃ and 97.10%, enhanced by 4.76 ℃ and 58.97% compared with CT, respectively. However, the average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 221.57 μmol/(m2·s), reduced by 20.53% than CT. After transplanting, the plant height and maximum leaf area under WCST were significantly improved, and the leaf water potential was enhanced between 29.92% and 64.46%. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were reduced by 14.48%, 8.86%, and 9.83% compared with CT (P＜0.05), respectively. There were 4 845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, including 2 693 down-regulated genes and 2 152 up-regulated genes according to transcriptome sequencing. Some down-regulated DEGs are significantly enriched in “oxidation-reduction process” and “oxidoreductase activity” according to gene ontology (GO) annotation. Some DEGs involved in “flavonoid biosynthesis” are significantly enriched according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. WCST decreased the gene expressions of chalcone isomerase, flavanone-3-hydroxylase,flavonol synthase,flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase,andflavonol-3-O-glucoside L-rhamnosyltransferaserelated with flavonoid biosynthesis, and significantly reduced the contents of the dihydroquercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, luteolin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The higher air temperature, air relative humidity and lower PAR were beneficial to the growth and development of tobacco seedlings under WCST, which avoiding the adverse stress.
Key words: conventional transplanting    well-cellar style transplanting    adverse stress    RNA sequencing    flavonoid biosynthesis
收稿日期: 2022-05-31 出版日期: 2023-06-25
CLC:  S572  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(31601273);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司项目(2020XM10)
通讯作者: 潘文杰     E-mail: linyechun@live.cn;wenjiepan@163.com
作者简介: 林叶春（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8440-0682），E-mail：linyechun@live.cn
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林叶春
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引用本文:

林叶春,童文杰,陈代荣,许灵杰,蒋石香,吴有祥,杨洋,艾永峰,李洪勋,潘文杰. 井窖深栽烟苗的生理响应及其转录组和次生代谢特征[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(3): 305-318.

Yechun LIN,Wenjie TONG,Dairong CHEN,Lingjie XU,Shixiang JIANG,Youxiang WU,Yang YANG,Yongfeng AI,Hongxun LI,Wenjie PAN. Physiological response and its transcriptomic and secondary metabolic characteristics oftobacco seedlings under well-cellar style transplanting. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(3): 305-318.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.05.311    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I3/305

图1  田间和盆栽试验烟苗的2种移栽方式

序号

No.

基因

Gene

正向引物（5′→3′）

Forward primer (5′→3′)

反向引物（5′→3′）

Reverse primer (5′→3′)

1gene_71163TGAAGGCCTTGATTGGGGTGAAGCCAATACCCACACATGAAC
2gene_23271AGACACCTAGCATCCATTTTCCTTGGCCAACCTCTTGGTGTTT
3gene_45893CCTCTCGCTCCACCTAACCTTTGCTGGTGGGAACACGTAA
4gene_78573AGAAGGCCAAGTCGGAAACCCACCAATTCAAAACGGCAAGA
5gene_57394AAGTAGCGCTGATCCACAGGGGTCAAGAACGCGTCGAAAC
6gene_42505AGCACGTGAATACTAGCTACCAGCTCCTCGACGGTGACCATTT
7gene_78071TTTCCGGCGAAAATGGTGACAGTTGGAAGGTGTGGCTGTT
8gene_2555GTTTCGACGCGTTCTTGACCTGCCGATTCAGGTGCGTATC
9GAPDH2CCGTAAGACTAGAGAAAGAAGCCTGCCTTGGCATCGAAAATGCT
表1  实时荧光定量PCR基因与引物
图2  不同移栽方式下烟苗生长环境气温（2017）
图3  不同移栽方式下烟苗生长环境相对湿度（2017）
图4  不同移栽方式下烟苗生长环境太阳光合有效辐射（2017）
图5  不同移栽方式下烟苗生理特征和农艺性状（2017）*表示相同日期不同移栽方式间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。
图6  井窖深栽和常规移栽烟苗叶片中差异表达基因表达量火山图红色点：上调表达基因（2 152个）；蓝色点：下调表达基因（2 693个）。FC：差异倍数。
图7  差异表达基因GO功能注释分析A.生物学过程；B.分子功能；C.细胞组分。柱状图右侧数据为DEGs数量。*、**、***分别表示同种功能中不同基因表达情况间在P＜0.05、P＜0.01、P＜0.001水平差异有统计学意义。
图8  差异表达基因KEGG富集散点图
图9  部分黄酮类化合物生物合成途径绿色标记代表关键酶相关基因表达下调，红色标记代表测定的黄酮类化合物。PAL：苯丙氨酸解氨酶；C4H：肉桂酸-4-羟化酶；4CL：4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶；HCT：羟基肉桂酰转移酶；C3H：对香豆酸-3-羟化酶；CHS：查耳酮合成酶；CHI：查耳酮异构酶；F3H：黄烷酮-3-羟化酶；F3´H：黄酮类-3´-羟化酶；FLS：黄酮醇合成酶；F3´5´H：黄酮类-3´，5´-羟化酶；FNS：黄酮合成酶；F3GT：黄酮醇-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶；FG2：黄酮醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷L-鼠李素转移酶。
  
图11  不同移栽方式下烟苗叶片中黄酮类化合物含量*表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。
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