西苕溪流域菜地土壤肥力状况与磷素流失风险

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.01.242

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (1): 85-95 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.01.242

资源利用与环境保护

西苕溪流域菜地土壤肥力状况与磷素流失风险

郭晓颖¹(

),刘晓霞²,王剑¹,倪玥敏³,冷明珠⁴,倪吾钟¹(

)

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室，浙江杭州 310058
^2.浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站，浙江杭州 310020
^3.浙江大学农业试验站，浙江杭州 310058
^4.安吉县农业农村局，浙江湖州 313300

Fertility status and phosphorus loss risk of vegetable field soils in Xitiaoxi watershed

Xiaoying GUO¹(

),Xiaoxia LIU²,Jian WANG¹,Yuemin NI³,Mingzhu LENG⁴,Wuzhong NI¹(

)

^1.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^2.Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
^3.Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^4.Anji Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Huzhou 313300, Zhejiang, China

全文: PDF(2363 KB) HTML

摘要：

菜地土壤集约化利用程度高，容易出现养分不平衡和过量积累等问题，严重影响蔬菜产业的可持续发展。本文基于西苕溪流域露地和设施栽培模式下菜地土壤肥力状况和主要障碍因子分析，探究了菜地土壤磷素流失风险阈值。结果表明：露地菜地土壤pH值显著低于设施菜地（P＜0.05）；设施菜地土壤全钾、速效钾、有效磷、水溶性磷含量和水溶性盐总量、电导率显著高于露地菜地（P＜0.05）。2种栽培模式下95.8%菜地土壤处于Ⅱ级肥力水平。土壤水溶性磷与Mehlich 3-P的关系可用分段线性回归方程表征，估算得出露地和设施菜地土壤磷素流失风险阈值分别为102.7、128.7 mg/kg，超过对应阈值的样本数分别占总数的65.0%和83.3%。综上所述，西苕溪流域内露地和设施菜地土壤酸化状况较为严重，磷素潜在流失风险非常高，其中设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化问题更为突出。

关键词： 菜地土壤; 栽培模式; 土壤肥力; 次生盐渍化; 磷素流失; 阈值

Abstract:

The high degree of intensive utilization of vegetable field soils is prone to nutrient imbalance and excessive accumulation, which hinders the sustainable development of vegetable production. Based on the analysis of fertility status and main obstacle factors of vegetable field soils under the open land and facility cultivation patterns in the Xitiaoxi watershed, the threshold of soil phosphorus (P) loss was explored in this study. The results indicated that the soil pH value under the open land cultivation pattern was significantly lower (P＜0.05) than that under the facility cultivation pattern. The contents of soil total potassium (K), available K, available P, and water-extractable P under the facility cultivation pattern were significantly higher (P＜0.05) than those under the open land cultivation pattern, as well as the total soluble salt content and electrical conductivity. It was also found that the fertility grades of vegetable field soils under the two cultivation patterns were mostly (95.8%) Grade Ⅱ. The correlation between soil water-extractable P and Mehlich 3-P was well illustrated with the piecewise linear regression equation. The threshold of Mehlich 3-P for controlling P loss from the open land and facility vegetable field soils was estimated to be 102.7 mg/kg and 128.7 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, the soil samples exceeding this threshold accounted for 65.0% and 83.3% of the total number of samples, respectively. In conclusion, the soil acidification and the risk of P loss under the open land and facility cultivation patterns in the Xitiaoxi watershed are serious, and the soil salinization under the facility cultivation pattern is an outstanding issue.

Key words: vegetable field soils cultivation patterns soil fertility secondary salinization phosphorus loss threshold

收稿日期: 2022-01-24 出版日期: 2023-03-07

CLC:

S158.2

基金资助: 农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设专项（浙江省安吉县）(NG/LS2020-71-05);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012)

通讯作者: 倪吾钟 E-mail: xy.guo@zju.edu.cn;wzni@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 郭晓颖（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-912X），E-mail：xy.guo@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

郭晓颖,刘晓霞,王剑,倪玥敏,冷明珠,倪吾钟. 西苕溪流域菜地土壤肥力状况与磷素流失风险[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(1): 85-95.

Xiaoying GUO,Xiaoxia LIU,Jian WANG,Yuemin NI,Mingzhu LENG,Wuzhong NI. Fertility status and phosphorus loss risk of vegetable field soils in Xitiaoxi watershed. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(1): 85-95.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.01.242 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I1/85

表1 菜地土壤养分等级评价标准[18-19]

图1 露地与设施菜地土壤pH值OL：露地栽培；F：设施栽培。箱图中最上方和最下方的线段表示数据的95%和5%；箱图中矩形上下两边分别表示第三四分位数和第一四分位数，矩形中间的实线表示中位数，虚线表示平均数；图中圆点表示离群值。图上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。下同。

图2 露地与设施菜地土壤有机质含量图上相同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异无统计学意义，下同。

图3 露地与设施菜地土壤阳离子交换量

图4 露地与设施菜地土壤氮磷钾含量

图5 露地与设施菜地土壤水溶性盐总量和电导率

图6 露地菜地土壤水溶性磷与Mehlich 3-P的关系

图7 设施菜地土壤水溶性磷与Mehlich 3-P的关系

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