淋洗条件下不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土的改良效果

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.220

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (3): 344-359 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.220

资源利用与环境保护

淋洗条件下不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土的改良效果

项子宸^1,²(

),修海峰³,马琨⁴,杨梢娜⁵,钟斌^1,²,马嘉伟^1,²,阮泽斌^1,²,金文豪^1,²,曹韩^1,²,李雅倩^1,²,金皋琪^1,²,骆文轩^1,²,柳丹^1,²(

)

^1.浙江农林大学, 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室，杭州 311300
^2.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院，浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室，杭州 311300
^3.岱山县北部开发建设管理处，浙江岱山 316200
^4.浙江浙农创投科技有限公司，杭州 311300
^5.舟山市农林科学研究院，浙江舟山 316000

Effect of different ameliorants on coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang under elution conditions

Zichen XIANG^1,²(

),Haifeng XIU³,Kun MA⁴,Shaona YANG⁵,Bin ZHONG^1,²,Jiawei MA^1,²,Zebin RUAN^1,²,Wenhao JIN^1,²,Han CAO^1,²,Yaqian LI^1,²,Gaoqi JIN^1,²,Wenxuan LUO^1,²,Dan LIU^1,²(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
^3.Northern Development and Construction Management Office of Daishan County, Daishan 316200, Zhejiang, China
^4.Zhejiang Zhenong Agricultural Venture Technology Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou 311300, China
^5.Zhoushan Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

以滨海盐碱土为研究对象，选用脱硫石膏、过磷酸钙、生物炭、煤渣、聚马来酸酐5种改良剂，均分别按1%、1.5%、2%的梯度进行土柱淋洗试验，研究不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土壤盐化特征的影响和对土壤质量的改良效果，从而筛选出适合该区域盐碱土改良的方案。结果表明：1）淋洗后的0～10 cm土层中，1%煤渣和2%聚马来酸酐对降低土壤pH的效果最佳，1.5%和2%生物炭对土壤电导率和含盐量的改良效果最显著，电导率较对照分别下降了93.75%、84.72%，含盐量较对照分别减少了55.44%、44.04%；2）所有改良剂均能有效降低土壤钠吸附比，尤其是2%煤渣、2%聚马来酸酐、1.5%过磷酸钙的效果最显著；3）能够较好地改良土壤化学性质、提高土壤肥力的改良剂是2%过磷酸钙、2%生物炭、2%聚马来酸酐；4）不同改良剂对盐基阳离子的淋洗效率存在差异，1%和1.5%过磷酸钙分别显著降低了土壤中的K^＋、Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋含量，1%煤渣对土壤中Na^＋、K^＋淋洗效果最佳，1.5%和2%生物炭分别显著降低了土壤中Na⁺和Mg^2＋含量，1%和2%聚马来酸酐分别显著降低了土壤中Na^＋和Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋含量。总体而言，施用1.5%聚马来酸酐、1.5%或2%生物炭对浙江东部滨海盐碱土壤脱盐培肥的改良效果最好。

关键词： 滨海盐碱土; 改良剂; 土壤肥力; 淋洗

Abstract:

With the coastal saline-alkali soil as the research object, we carried out a soil column leaching experiment by using desulfurized gypsum, calcium superphosphate, biochar, coal cinder and polymaleic anhydride, all with concentration gradients of 1%, 1.5% and 2%, without adding soil ameliorants as controls. The effects of different ameliorants on salinization characteristics and soil quality of coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang were studied, and the suitable ameliorants for the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil were selected. The results showed that: 1) In the 0-10 cm soil layer after eluting, 1% coal cinder and 2% polymaleic anhydride had the most significant improvement effect for decreasing soil pH. The improvements of soil electric conductivity (EC) and salinity were the most significant in the 1.5% and 2% biochar treatments. The EC decreased by 93.75% and 84.72% compared with the CK, and the salinity decreased by 55.44% and 44.04% compared with the CK. 2) Soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) decreased when the ameliorants were added, among which the 2% coal cinder, 2% polymaleic anhydride, 1.5% calcium superphosphate had the most significant improvement effect. 3) Soil chemical properties and fertility could be improved by the 2% calcium superphosphate, 2% biochar, 2% polymaleic anhydride. 4) Different ameliorants had different leaching efficiencies for salt-based cations: 1% and 1.5% calcium superphosphate could significantly reduce potassium, calcium and magnesium ion contents in the soil, respectively; 1% coal cinder had the best effect on sodium and potassium ion contents in the leaching soil; 1.5% and 2% biochars significantly reduced sodium and magnesium ion contents in the soil, respectively; and 1% and 2% polymaleic anhydride significantly reduced sodium and calcium, magnesium ion contents in the soil, respectively. In conclusion, 1.5% polymaleic anhydride, 1.5% or 2% biochar have the best effect of desalting and fertilizing on the coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali soil ameliorant soil fertility elution

收稿日期: 2019-07-22 出版日期: 2020-07-17

CLC:

S 156.2

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31670617);浙江省科技厅重点研发计划(2015C03020-2);浙江农林大学学生科研训练项目(KX20180085);浙江省地方技术服务项目(H20190170)

通讯作者: 柳丹 E-mail: 2017703551009@zafu.edu.cn;liudan7812@aliyun.com

作者简介: 项子宸（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-5498），E-mail：2017703551009@zafu.edu.cn

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	项子宸
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	金文豪
	曹韩
	李雅倩
	金皋琪
	骆文轩
	柳丹

引用本文:

项子宸,修海峰,马琨,杨梢娜,钟斌,马嘉伟,阮泽斌,金文豪,曹韩,李雅倩,金皋琪,骆文轩,柳丹. 淋洗条件下不同改良剂对浙江东部滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(3): 344-359.

Zichen XIANG,Haifeng XIU,Kun MA,Shaona YANG,Bin ZHONG,Jiawei MA,Zebin RUAN,Wenhao JIN,Han CAO,Yaqian LI,Gaoqi JIN,Wenxuan LUO,Dan LIU. Effect of different ameliorants on coastal saline-alkali soil in eastern Zhejiang under elution conditions. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(3): 344-359.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.220 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I3/344

表1 供试土壤理化性质与离子组成

表2 改良剂性质

表3 不同改良剂处理

表4 不同改良剂处理对土壤pH、电导率、含盐量和钠吸附比的影响

表5 不同改良剂处理对盐碱土有效养分的影响

图1 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Na＋质量浓度变化

图2 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Na＋积累量

图3 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中K＋质量浓度变化

图4 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中K＋积累量

图5 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Ca2＋质量浓度变化

图6 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Ca2＋积累量

图7 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Mg2＋质量浓度变化

图8 不同改良剂处理下盐碱土淋出液中Mg2＋积累量

表6 各指标主成分分析

表7 各处理综合得分

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