浙江省桑园土壤病原菌及其微生态调查

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.11.261

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (4): 493-503 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.11.261

资源利用与环境保护

浙江省桑园土壤病原菌及其微生态调查

金杏丽¹(

),何金涛²,蔡永良³,李坤峰⁴,陈乐阳⁵,鲁兴萌²,邵勇奇²(

)

^1.德清县农业技术推广中心，浙江湖州 313200
^2.浙江大学动物科学学院蚕蜂研究所，杭州 310058
^3.德清县莫干天竺蚕种有限责任公司，浙江湖州 313204
^4.浙江大学农业试验站，杭州 310058
^5.金华市农业农村局，浙江金华 321017

Investigation on soil pathogenic microbes and their microecology in Zhejiang mulberry fields

Xingli JIN¹(

),Jintao HE²,Yongliang CAI³,Kunfeng LI⁴,Leyang CHEN⁵,Xingmeng LU²,Yongqi SHAO²(

)

^1.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Deqing County, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang, China
^2.Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^3.Mogan Tianzhu Silkworm Breeding Co. , Ltd. of Deqing County, Huzhou 313204, Zhejiang, China
^4.Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^5.Jinhua Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

桑椹菌核病是果桑生产中的重要病害。为了解桑园土壤中病原菌的存在情况及其微生态，分别从浙江4个地域［德清县（DQ）、长兴县（CX）以及金华市多湖街道（JD）和江东镇（JJ），其中长兴桑园采用大棚栽培，其他为露地栽培］及四川1个地域［对照（CK），极少或未发生桑椹菌核病］的桑园采集土壤样本，并对样本中的真菌和细菌进行内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer, ITS）和16S rRNA基因高通量测序。结果表明：德清（DQ）、江东（JJ）及多湖（JD）3个桑园土壤的菌核病病原杯盘菌属（Ciboria）的相对丰度分别为28.84%、60.17%、70.15%，未见桑椹菌核病病果的长兴（CX）和四川（CK）桑园土壤分别为0.02%和0.06?。长兴（CX）桑园土壤的主要真菌类群为被孢霉属（Mortierella）、毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）和腐质霉属（Humicola），其相对丰度分别为36.46%、21.59%、15.93%；四川（CK）桑园土壤的主要真菌类群为青霉属（Penicillium）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）和Fusicolla，其相对丰度分别为24.05%、15.35%、9.75%。各桑园土壤的细菌多样性丰富，其中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）是唯一在5个地域桑园土壤样本中均有可鉴定序列的细菌，但相对丰度最高的江东（JJ）桑园土壤也仅有6.81%。综上所述，杯盘菌属的相对丰度、真菌和细菌的多样性既揭示了桑园土壤菌核病病原与土壤微生态之间的复杂关系，也暗示了通过改变土壤微生态结构来防控桑椹菌核病的可能性。

关键词： 桑椹; 菌核病; 杯盘菌属; 土壤微生态

Abstract:

Mulberry sclerotial disease is a devastating disease in mulberry production. In order to understand the existent situation of pathogens and their microecology in the soil of the mulberry field, we collected the soil samples from mulberry fields in four plots of different regions in Zhejiang Province [namely Deqing County (DQ), Changxing County (CX), Jinhua Duohu Residential District (JD) and Jiangdong Town (JJ)]. Among them, CX mulberries were cultivated in greenhouse, and the others were cultivated in open field. The experiment took one plot in Sichuan Province as a control (CK), which was rarely or never found the sclerotial disease. Then, we identified the soil fungi and bacteria through high-throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S rRNA. The results showed that the relative abundance (RA) of genus Ciboria in the mulberry fields of DQ, JJ and JD were 28.84%, 60.17%, and 70.15%, respectively. No diseased fruit of mulberry sclerotinia was found in CX and CK fields, and the relative abundance of Ciboria was 0.02% and 0.06?, respectively. The main microorganisms in CX field were Mortierella, Chaetomium, and Humicola, with the relative abundance of 36.46%, 21.59%, and 15.93%, respectively; the main microorganisms in CK field were Penicillium, Fusarium, and Fusicolla, and their relative abundances were 24.05%, 15.35%, and 9.75%, respectively. Among the bacteria, Pseudomonas was the only genus identified in all five field samples, and the highest relative abundance of Pseudomonas was found in the JJ field (but only 6.81%), highlighting a rich bacterial diversity. Collectively, the relative abundance of the genus Ciboria and the diversity of fungi and bacteria reveal the complex relationship between the relative abundance of Ciboria and the soil microecology in mulberry fields. It also further implies the possibility of preventing and controlling mulberry sclerotial disease by changing the soil microecological structure.

Key words: mulberry fruit sclerotial disease Ciboria soil microecology

收稿日期: 2021-11-26 出版日期: 2022-09-03

CLC:

S 888.2

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(32022081);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18-ZJ0302);浙江省蚕蜂资源利用与创新研究重点实验室项目(2020E10025);浙江省蚕桑产业技术团队项目“果桑减肥减药绿色安全技术示范”（2018）;浙江省湖州市公益性农业项目(2020GZ23)

通讯作者: 邵勇奇 E-mail: 346382580@qq.com;yshao@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 金杏丽（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-8076），E-mail：346382580@qq.com

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引用本文:

金杏丽,何金涛,蔡永良,李坤峰,陈乐阳,鲁兴萌,邵勇奇. 浙江省桑园土壤病原菌及其微生态调查[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(4): 493-503.

Xingli JIN,Jintao HE,Yongliang CAI,Kunfeng LI,Leyang CHEN,Xingmeng LU,Yongqi SHAO. Investigation on soil pathogenic microbes and their microecology in Zhejiang mulberry fields. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(4): 493-503.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.11.261 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I4/493

表1 不同桑园土壤样本中可鉴定的真菌和细菌种类（OTU数目）

图1 不同桑园土壤样本的真菌微生态结构（RA）

图2 不同桑园土壤样本的细菌微生态结构（RA）

图3 不同桑园土壤样本中的真菌在不同RA范围可鉴定的OTU数目比较A. RA＞1.0%的真菌；B. 0.1%≤RA≤1.0%的真菌；C.所有的真菌。*表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，**表示在P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义（下同）。

图4 不同桑园土壤样本中的细菌在不同RA范围可鉴定的OTU数目比较A. RA＞1.0%的细菌；B. 0.1%≤RA≤1.0%的细菌；C.所有的细菌。

图5 不同桑园土壤样本中杯盘菌属（ Ciboria ）真菌的RA

图6 不同桑园土壤样本中青霉属（ Penicillium ）（A）和镰刀菌属（ Fusarium ）（B）真菌的RA

图7 不同桑园土壤样本中被孢霉菌属（ Mortierella ）（A）、毛壳菌属（ Chaetomium ）（B）和腐质霉属（ Humicola ）（C）真菌的RA

图8 不同桑园土壤样本中 Pseudaleuria （A）、木霉属（ Trichoderma ）（B）和隐球菌属（ Cryptococcus ）（C）真菌的RA

图9 不同桑园土壤样本中假单胞菌属（ Pseudomonas ）（A）、蓝细菌门（Cyanobacteria）（B）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）（C）可鉴定序列细菌的RA比较

图10 不同桑园土壤样本中6个高频出现的细菌属的RA比较

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