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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2022, Vol. 48 Issue (3): 269-278    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.05.171
综述     
气候变暖对天敌昆虫的影响
白月亮1,2(),周文武1,2,祝增荣1,2()
1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院昆虫科学研究所/浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室，杭州 310058
2.浙江大学海南研究院，海南 三亚 572000
Effects of globa l warming on insect natural enemies
Yueliang BAI1,2(),Wenwu ZHOU1,2,Zengrong ZHU1,2()
1.Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
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摘要：

随着气候变化，预计全球温度将持续上升，这无疑会严重威胁生物多样性以及生态系统稳定性。作为变温动物，昆虫完全依赖外界温度完成生长发育以及各种生理活动，因此气候变暖很可能通过多种方式对昆虫个体、种群及其所在群落、食物网造成直接或间接的影响。但很多研究认为处于更高营养级的物种似乎对环境因子的变化更加敏感，这意味着捕食或寄生性天敌可能比其猎物或寄主面临更严峻的挑战。根据已有研究，本文分析了温度变化对天敌昆虫的生长发育、繁殖、捕食和寄生的影响，比较了相同物种（不同天敌物种）及不同营养级物种（天敌与其寄主或猎物）对温度升高的响应差异，归纳了气候变暖可能引起的天敌与害虫之间的同步性改变问题。总之，深入了解捕食和寄生性昆虫对气温上升的响应，对于气候变暖形势下农业有害生物的生态治理具有重要意义。
关键词： 气候变暖;  天敌昆虫;  生物防治;  功能反应;  种间关系    
Abstract:

With climate change, global temperatures are expected to rise, posing a pervasive and growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. As ectotherms, insects are completely dependent on environmental temperature to grow, develop, and regulate various physiological functions. Therefore, global warming is likely to have direct or indirect effects on insect individuals, populations, and their associated communities and food webs. However, many studies have suggested that the species at higher trophic levels seem to be more sensitive to changes in environmental factors, meaning that predators and parasitoids may face more severe challenges than their prey or hosts. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of temperature changes on the development, reproduction, predation and parasitism of insect natural enemies based on existing studies, compared the responses of the same species (different natural enemy species) and different trophic level species (natural enemy and its host or prey) to temperature increase, and summarized the synchronicity changes between natural enemies and pests caused by global warming. Understanding the response of insect predators and parasitoids to temperature rise is of great significance for biological control and ecological governance of agricultural pests in a warming climate.
Key words: global warming    insect natural enemy    biological control    functional response    interspecific relationship
收稿日期: 2021-05-17 出版日期: 2022-06-25
CLC:  S 435  
基金资助: 浙江省科技计划项目(2019C04007);浙江省“三农六方”科技协作项目(2019SNLF006);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2018C04G2011264);国家自然科学基金项目(32072432);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021FZZX003-02-10)
通讯作者: 祝增荣     E-mail: ylbai@zju.edu.cn;zrzhu@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 白月亮（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-8177），E-mail：ylbai@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

白月亮,周文武,祝增荣. 气候变暖对天敌昆虫的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(3): 269-278.

Yueliang BAI,Wenwu ZHOU,Zengrong ZHU. Effects of globa l warming on insect natural enemies. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(3): 269-278.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.05.171    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I3/269

图1  不同温度适应型天敌昆虫与植食性昆虫发育速率模型
互作关系 Interaction

天敌昆虫

Insect natural enemy

猎物或寄主昆虫

Prey or host insect

天敌昆虫的响应

Response of insect natural enemy

猎物或寄主的响应

Response of prey or host

对二者互作的影响

Effect on the interaction

文献

Reference

捕食者-猎物

Predator-prey

帝王蜻蜓

Anax imperator

大型溞

Daphnia magna

攻击速度增加防御能力增强天敌捕食成功率 未发生变化［25］
Notonecta undulata

蚤状溞

Daphnia pulex

游行速度增加，对猎物攻击率增加、处理时间缩短游行速度增加相遇概率增加，天敌捕食成功率下降［26］
Enallagma annexum相遇概率增加，天敌捕食成功率小幅升高

异色瓢虫

Harmonia axyridis

禾谷缢管蚜

Rhopalosiphum padi

始盛期提前，发生量增加，捕食时间延长，捕食频率提高早期发生量增加物候同步性增强， 天敌的控制力增强，蚜虫后期为害减轻［60］

七星瓢虫

Coccinellaseptempunctata

龟纹瓢虫

Propylaea japonica

Thanasimusundulatus

红翅大小蠹

Dendroctonusrufipennis

初始迁飞时间提前，总迁飞期延长初始迁飞时间提前， 总迁飞期延长迁飞同步性降低［61］
Colymbetesdolabratus

黑足伊蚊

Aedes nigripes

日均捕食率升高发育时间缩短，暴露于捕食者的总时长缩短更多伊蚊个体发育至成虫，逃脱了捕食者捕食［62］

寄生者-寄主

Parasitoid-host

Tetrastichus julis

黑角负泥虫

Oulema melanopus

发育所需积温变化 不大产卵和幼虫发育日期提前，但发育所需积温提高物候同步性下降，天敌寄生率下降［48］
Cotesia astrarches

红边小灰蝶

Aricia agestis

可在扩张地区继续 寄生寄主地理分布向高纬度扩张扩张地区总寄生率下降，可寄生天敌物种数减少［56］
Cotesia saltatoria

镶颚姬蜂

Hyposoter notatus

两色脊茧蜂

Aleiodes bicolor

Anisobascingulatellus

毛短尾寄蝇

Aplomya confinis

红边小灰蝶

Aricia agestis

未见在扩张地区寄生寄主地理分布向高纬度扩张扩张地区总寄生率下降，可寄生天敌物种数减少［56］

缢管蚜茧蜂

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

麦长管蚜

Sitobion avenae

攻击次数下降，攻击准备时间延长防御次数增加相遇次数增加，天敌寄生成功率下降［58］

阿尔蚜茧蜂

Aphidius ervi

豌豆蚜

Acyrthosiphon pisum

攻击率无变化对寄生蜂的免疫反应被削弱天敌寄生成功率上升［59］
Cotesia bignellii

金堇蛱蝶

Euphydryas aurinia

发育时间不变发育时间缩短未影响二者物候 同步性［63］
表1  温度升高或气候变暖对部分已知“天敌-猎物/寄主”互作的影响
图2  气候变暖对不同营养级物种、种间关系及生态系统的影响
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