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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2022, Vol. 48 Issue (3): 279-288    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.04.301
综述     
黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病防治方法的比较与展望
谢婷1(),罗金燕2,陈磊2,杜伟3,朱洁4,李斌1()
1.浙江大学生物技术研究所，杭州 310058
2.上海市农业技术推广服务中心，上海 201103
3.宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站，银川 750001
4.温州市植物保护与土壤肥料管理站，浙江 温州 325000
Comparison of control methods of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus disease and their prospects
Ting XIE1(),Jinyan LUO2,Lei CHEN2,Wei DU3,Jie ZHU4,Bin LI1()
1.Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension & Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China
3.Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, China
4.Wenzhou Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Management Station, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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摘要：

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV）在世界范围内分布广泛，主要侵染葫芦科作物，给葫芦科作物的商品化种植、生产带来难以估量的经济损失。本文分析了影响CGMMV快速扩散流行的主要因素，总结了以种子消毒为主的疫区和以防传入为重点的非疫区CGMMV防治策略，介绍了血清学和分子生物学等主要CGMMV检测方法，比较了现有各种防治方法的优劣，展望了新型抗病毒药剂与基因工程技术在CGMMV防治上的应用前景。
关键词： 黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒;  流行;  干热处理;  检测方法;  化学防治;  基因工程    
Abstract:

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is widely distributed in the world. It mainly infects cucurbitaceous crops, causing serious damage and incalculable economic loss to the commercial planting and production of cucurbitaceous crops. This paper analyzed the main factors affecting the rapid spread and epidemic of CGMMV, summarized the prevention and control strategies of CGMMV in epidemic areas focusing on seed disinfection and non-epidemic areas focusing on prevention of transmission, introduced the main detection methods of CGMMV, such as serology and molecular biology, compared the advantages and disadvantages of various existing control methods, and looked forward to the application prospect of new antiviral agents and genetic engineering technologies in the control of CGMMV.
Key words: cucumber green mottle mosaic virus    epidemic    dry heat treatment    detection method    chemical control    genetic engineering
收稿日期: 2021-04-30 出版日期: 2022-07-07
CLC:  S 432.41  
基金资助: 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF03004);上海市科技兴农项目(2019-02-08-00-08-F01150)
通讯作者: 李斌     E-mail: 22016086@zju.edu.cn;libin0571@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 谢婷（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-2564），E-mail：22016086@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

谢婷,罗金燕,陈磊,杜伟,朱洁,李斌. 黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病防治方法的比较与展望[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(3): 279-288.

Ting XIE,Jinyan LUO,Lei CHEN,Wei DU,Jie ZHU,Bin LI. Comparison of control methods of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus disease and their prospects. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(3): 279-288.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.04.301    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I3/279

图1  CGMMV核苷酸序列的系统进化分析

作物

Crop

处理温度

Treatment temperature/℃

处理时间

Treatment time/d

防治效果

Control effect

种子发芽率

Emergence rate of seed

种子发芽势

Potentiality of seed

文献

Reference

葫芦

Cucurbit

＜801～7病毒有效钝化升高无变化[20]
75～853病毒完全失活降低[21]
65～723病毒有效钝化无变化[21]
720.5病毒基本钝化无变化[16]
723病毒有效钝化降低[13]
803病毒完全失活无变化[14]

西瓜

Watermelon

753病毒完全失活降低[15]
851病毒仅半数钝化[15]
76、80、853病毒有效钝化[22]

瓠瓜

Gourd

753病毒有效钝化[23]

黄瓜

Cucumber

＜801～7病毒有效钝化无变化[20]

南瓜

Pumpkin

803病毒完全失活降低降低[14]

黄瓜、甜瓜

Cucumber and

melon

703病毒有效钝化大幅度降低[18]
733病毒完全失活[18]

西瓜、甜瓜

Watermelon and

melon

723病毒有效钝化无变化[24]
表1  携带CGMMV的不同葫芦科作物种子干热处理措施

药剂名称

Pesticide name

防治作物

Target crop

剂型

Form of dosage

稀释倍数

Dilution ratio

喷药量

Spray dosage/(kg/hm2)

施用次数

Frequency of application

施用周期

Cycle of application/d

防治效果

Control

effect/%

文献

Reference

0.5%植病灵

0.5% ureaeroxide

西瓜

Watermelon

水剂

Aqueous solution

(AS)

1 00040～50[25]

40%病毒灵

40% virus spirit

西瓜

Watermelon

可溶性粉剂

Soluble powder (SP)

1 00040～50[25]

20% 病毒散

20% caprolactone

acetate

西瓜

Watermelon

可湿性粉剂

Wettable powder

(WP)

1＜50.00[24]

8%宁南霉素

8% ningnanmycin

西瓜

Watermelon

水剂

AS

1 000502778.40[28]

1.8% 复硝酚钠

1.8% compound

sodium nitrophenolate

西瓜

Watermelon

水剂

AS

6 00050140.10[28]

5% 菌毒清

5% bacterial toxin

葫芦科

Cucurbitaceae

可湿性粉剂

WP

300[26]

30% 毒克星

30% germ poison

jinx

葫芦科

Cucurbitaceae

可湿性粉剂

WP

500[26]

7.5% 克毒灵

7.5% keduling

葫芦科

Cucurbitaceae

水剂

AS

700～800[27]

高锰酸钾

Potassium

permanganate

葫芦科

Cucurbitaceae

1 000[27]

硫酸锌

Zincsulfate

葫芦科

Cucurbitaceae

1 500[27]
表2  发病初期用于防治CGMMV的药剂

防治策略

Control strategy

对象

Target

适用时期

Applicable period

防治成本

Cost of control

技术要求

Technical

requirement

作用机制

Mechanism

防治效果

Control

effect

存在的主要问题

Main problem

植物检疫

Plant quarantine

带毒种苗、器具任何时期较高较高

防止病毒人为

扩散

强大众检疫意识弱

农业措施

Agricultural

measure

带毒种苗、器具任何时期中低减少初侵染源较强消耗人力、物力

土壤熏蒸消毒

Soil fumigation

and disinfection

带毒土壤、病株残体播种前较低较低减少初侵染源较强

有些熏蒸药剂

对环境有害

设置捕虫网

Setting a worm net

传毒昆虫播种后低低切断传毒途径中

仅适用于温室/

大棚

种子干热处理

Dry heat treatment

of seeds

带毒种子播种前高较低钝化或灭活病毒较强

无健全统一的处

理体系

喷施化学药剂

Spraying chemical

pesticides

发病植株发病初期较低较低钝化病毒中

可用药剂少且

无法根治

利用生防菌

Utilization of biocontrol

bacteria

发病植株田间显症后较高较高抑制病毒增殖较弱防治效果不稳定

利用植物提取物

Utilization of plant

extracts

发病植株田间显症后高较高抑制病毒增殖中

作用缓慢，田间

持效期短

接种弱毒株系

Inoculation of

attenuated strains

健康植株出苗后高较高诱导植物抗性较强

不适用于大规模

生产

选育抗病品种

Breeding resistant

varieties

葫芦科作物播种前高较高增强植物抗性强种质资源少

基因工程技术

Genetic engineering

technology

植物/病毒基因播种前高高

增强植物抗病性/

减弱病毒致病性

强

瓜类作物遗传

转化难
表3  目前主要的CGMMV防治技术比较
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