中华绒螯蟹三龄群体的生物学可塑性初探

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.252

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (1): 86-95 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.252

动物科学与动物医学

中华绒螯蟹三龄群体的生物学可塑性初探

彭飞¹(

),方弟安²,周彦锋²,唐永凯²,徐东坡²,刘凯²,苏胜彦²,尤洋^1,²(

)

^1.南京农业大学渔业学院，江苏无锡 214081
^2.中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心，江苏无锡 214081

Preliminary research of biological plasticity of the third-year-old population of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Fei PENG¹(

),Di’an FANG²,Yanfeng ZHOU²,Yongkai TANG²,Dongpo XU²,Kai LIU²,Shengyan SU²,Yang YOU^1,²(

)

^1.Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
^2.Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China

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摘要：

中华绒螯蟹的自然繁殖洄游群体中有零星的未成熟个体存在，高纬度和高海拔的低温环境可使未成熟个体比例显著增加并易于收集，本研究对其后续三龄阶段是否能够正常生长和繁殖开展了实验验证。于2018年春季采集青海省可鲁克湖的二龄未成熟个体作为蟹种，移回长江流域的池塘中试养，首次获得了人工培育的中华绒螯蟹三龄群体（暂定名“三龄蟹”）。实验结果表明：1）经过渡驯化后，中华绒螯蟹群体在池塘中能够顺利完成蜕壳生长；生长性能与常规养殖蟹相当，养成规格大于可鲁克湖区成蟹。2）获得的三龄雌雄个体均可性成熟，繁殖力指标与常规蟹相似；通过土池育苗方式可以获得其子代。3）池塘养殖的三龄蟹营养组分完整，个别指标与常规蟹差异显著，这可能与其高原湖泊生活史有关。研究结果还显示，二龄未成熟蟹规格小于同龄的常规蟹，经三龄阶段的池塘养殖蟹规格又明显大于同期的可鲁克湖区蟹，说明中华绒螯蟹的生活史中存在着低温滞育和补偿生长的现象。综上所述，三龄蟹群体生活史较为复杂，其营养沉积特征、矿质元素含量、阶段性生长和积温差异等可为探究无脊椎动物低温滞育、生活史周期延长和补偿生长机制等提供新的参考依据。

关键词： 中华绒螯蟹; 三龄群体; 补偿生长; 繁殖力

Abstract:

There are sporadic immature individuals in the natural migration population of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The low temperature environment with high latitude and high altitude can significantly increase the proportion of immature individuals and facilitate collection. In this study, experiments were carried out to verify whether it can grow or reproduce normally in the subsequent third-year-old stage. In the spring of 2018, the two-year-old immature individuals from the Koluke Lake in Qinghai Province were collected as crab larvae and moved back to the ponds in the Yangtze River Basin for breeding, and the third-year-old crab was obtained for the first time. The experimental results showed that: 1) After domestication, the Chinese mitten crab population could successfully molt and grow in the ponds; the growth performance was similar to that of the conventional cultured crab, and the cultivated size was larger than that of the adult crab in the Koluke Lake area. 2) The third-year-old male and female individuals could be sexually mature, and the fecundity was similar to that of conventional crabs, and their offspring could be obtained by raising seedlings in earth ponds. 3) The nutritional compositions of third-year-old crabs cultured in ponds were intact, and some indexes were significantly different from those of conventional crabs, which might be related to the life history of plateaus and lakes. The results also showed that the size of the two-year-old immature crab was smaller than that of the conventional crab of the same age, and the size of the pond-cultured crab in the third-year-old stage was significantly larger than that of the Koluke Lake crab in the same period, indicating the existence of low temperature diapause and compensatory growth in the life history of E. sinensis. To sum up, the life cycle of the third-year-old crab population is more complex, and its nutrient deposition characteristics, mineral element contents, phased growth and accumulated temperature differences can provide new references for exploring the mechanism of low temperature diapause, life cycle prolongation and compensatory growth of the invertebrates.

Key words: Eriocheir sinensis third-year-old population compensatory growth fecundity

收稿日期: 2021-02-25 出版日期: 2022-03-04

CLC:

S 966.1

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900600);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队专项(2020TD61)

通讯作者: 尤洋 E-mail: 1305651227@qq.com;youy@ffrc.cn

作者简介: 彭飞（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-463X），E-mail：1305651227@qq.com

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引用本文:

彭飞,方弟安,周彦锋,唐永凯,徐东坡,刘凯,苏胜彦,尤洋. 中华绒螯蟹三龄群体的生物学可塑性初探[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(1): 86-95.

Fei PENG,Di’an FANG,Yanfeng ZHOU,Yongkai TANG,Dongpo XU,Kai LIU,Shengyan SU,Yang YOU. Preliminary research of biological plasticity of the third-year-old population of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(1): 86-95.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.252 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I1/86

图1 中华绒螯蟹三龄群体生活史示意图

类型 Type	月份 Month	性别 Gender	头胸甲宽 Carapace width/mm	头胸甲长 Carapace length/mm	体高 Body height/ mm	体质量 Body mass/g
三龄蟹 Third-year-old crab	5月 May	雌蟹 Female crab	42.17±3.88	38.09±3.19	20.54±1.78	31.11±8.60
	5月 May	雄蟹 Male crab	42.81±4.21	38.33±3.71	20.41±2.25	35.05±9.50
	6月 June	雌蟹 Female crab	46.38±5.07	42.08±4.87	23.82±2.99a	44.78±14.43
	6月 June	雄蟹 Male crab	45.39±6.22	40.81±5.68	21.90±2.87b	43.05±15.79
	7月 July	雌蟹 Female crab	54.92±2.11	49.36±1.97	26.83±1.51	67.80±9.36
	7月 July	雄蟹 Male crab	54.81±5.65	49.43±4.72	26.05±2.61	75.35±20.06
	8月 August	雌蟹 Female crab	60.85±4.28	55.00±3.98	30.92±2.47	96.35±19.06
	8月 August	雄蟹 Male crab	62.72±4.42	56.16±3.50	30.27±1.93	111.53±20.25
	12月 December	雌蟹 Female crab	67.82±2.40	61.80±2.09	34.60±1.35	137.82±13.13b
	12月 December	雄蟹 Male crab	70.52±2.97	63.44±2.53	33.72±1.23	180.93±19.63a
可鲁克湖区成蟹 Adult crab in the Koluke Lake		雌蟹 Female crab	61.35±4.32	56.32±3.58	28.98±2.45	$x ˉ$ =100
可鲁克湖区成蟹 Adult crab in the Koluke Lake		雄蟹 Male crab	59.42±2.25	54.12±1.29	28.43±2.36	$x ˉ$ =100
常规蟹 Conventional crab		雌蟹 Female crab	64.32±0.93	60.68±1.65	33.52±1.45	130.56±12.84
常规蟹 Conventional crab		雄蟹 Male crab	65.28±2.29	63.31±2.51	33.34±1.35	158.58±21.23

表1 不同中华绒螯蟹群体的形态学指标（2018年）

图2 三龄蟹的增重率和特定生长率

图3 三龄蟹头胸甲宽与体质量的回归曲线

表2 三龄蟹与常规蟹的繁殖力比较

表3 三龄蟹可食部位氨基酸组成 (%)

表4 必需氨基酸评分情况

表5 三龄蟹可食部位脂肪酸组成 (%)

表6 三龄蟹矿质元素含量对比 (mg/kg)

图4 回交组合示意图

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