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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (4): 500-505    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.07.262
动物科学与动物医学     
中华绒螯蟹胚后发育生物学零度及其有效积温
王璞(),马旭洲(),温旭
上海海洋大学，水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心/ 水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心, 上海 201306
Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of postembryonic development of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Pu WANG(),Xuzhou MA(),Xu WEN
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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摘要：

温度是中华绒螯蟹胚后发育历期的重要影响因子。生物学零度和有效积温体现了温度和发育历期的内在关系。本实验以江苏省盐城市射阳地区培育的长江水系中华绒螯蟹良种“江海21”幼体为实验对象，设计室内单因素三处理三重复恒温实验（3个处理组分别设置恒温为20、22、24 ℃），定期监测发育温度和历期。通过有效积温公式计算和验证生物学零度和有效积温，采用单因素方差法对实验数据和当地5年历史监测数据进行统计学分析。实验结果表明：1）生物学零度和有效积温实验数据与历史数据的统计分析结果均无显著差异（P＞0.05），可以确定中华绒螯蟹胚后发育阶段的生物学零度为6.91 ℃，有效积温为274.18 ℃?d。2）在实验温度范围内，中华绒螯蟹幼体阶段发育历期随温度升高而缩短。本实验结果可为研究中华绒螯蟹人工育苗胚后发育提供科学理论依据。
关键词： 中华绒螯蟹;  溞状幼体;  生物学零度;  有效积温    
Abstract:

Temperature is an important factor affecting the postembryonic development duration of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature reflect the intrinsic relationship between temperature and developmental duration. In this experiment, the larvae of Jianghai 21, an improved species of E. sinensis bred in Sheyang area of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, were used as experimental objects. A single factor, three treatments and three repetitive constant temperature test (constant temperature was set at 20, 22 and 24 ℃, respectively) was designed to monitor the development temperature and duration of E. sinensis at regular intervals. The biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures were calculated and validated by the effective accumulated temperature formula. The experimental data and the local five-year historical monitoring data were analyzed by single factor variance analysis. The test results showed that: 1) There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental data of biological zero temperature, effective accumulated temperature and the historical data (P＞0.05). It was confirmed that the biological zero and effective accumulated temperatures of E. sinensis were separately 6.91 ℃ and 274.18 ℃?d at the postembryonic stage. 2) Among the experimental temperature range, the larval development period of E. sinensis decreased with the increase of temperature. The above results can provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the study of postembryonic development of E. sinensis.
Key words: Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)    zoea    biological zero temperature    effective accumulated temperature
收稿日期: 2018-07-26 出版日期: 2019-09-17
CLC:  S 917.4  
基金资助: 上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字〔2019〕第4号);水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心项目(ZF1206)
通讯作者: 马旭洲     E-mail: 1163949346@qq.com;xuzhouma@126.com
作者简介: 王璞（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-3157），E-mail：1163949346@qq.com
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引用本文:

王璞,马旭洲,温旭. 中华绒螯蟹胚后发育生物学零度及其有效积温[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(4): 500-505.

Pu WANG,Xuzhou MA,Xu WEN. Biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of postembryonic development of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(4): 500-505.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.07.262    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I4/500

分组序号

Group No.

发育时间

Developmental time/d

平均水温

Average water temperature/℃

有效积温

Effective accumulated temperature/(℃?d)

有效积温均值

Average effective accumulated temperature

 274.18±0.00
1 21.68±0.01 19.54±0.00 273.90±0.04a
2 19.03±0.02 21.34±0.02 274.68±0.03a
3 16.97±0.01 23.05±0.01 273.96±0.02a
表1  3个处理的发育历期、平均水温及有效积温

发育期阶段

Developmental stages

 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
合计 Total 274.61±0.03 274.57±0.01 274.21±0.06 275.27±0.39 273.99±0.04
Ⅰ～Ⅱ 47.31±0.08 47.15±0.00 53.40±0.06 47.76±0.04 50.23±0.02
Ⅱ～Ⅲ 40.52±0.02 43.85±0.01 40.92±0.02 40.46±0.03 44.50±0.00
Ⅲ～Ⅳ 57.67±0.01 52.05±0.05 47.64±0.01 50.32±0.01 47.25±0.01
Ⅳ～Ⅴ 60.17±0.02 57.86±0.00 56.19±0.09 60.41±0.01 56.76±0.02
Ⅴ～M 68.95±0.03 73.67±0.02 76.06±0.06 76.31±0.05 75.25±0.01
表2  2012—2016年自然温度条件下各发育期有效积温

年份

Year

发育时间

Developmental time/d

平均水温

Average water temperature/℃

有效积温

Effective accumulated temperature/(℃?d)

有效积温的实验结果

Experimental results of effective accumulated temperature

 274.18±0.00a
2012 21.38±0.03 19.75±0.06 274.60±0.03a
2013 22.16±0.03 19.29±0.05 274.43±0.05a
2014 25.70±0.06 17.60±0.01 274.83±0.09a
2015 25.00±0.06 17.88±0.08 274.35±0.03a
2016 23.16±0.06 18.75±0.03 274.30±0.04a
表3  2012—2016年自然温度条件下有效积温计算及差异显著性分析结果
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