养殖大黄鱼肌肉品质评价及其营养调控的研究进展

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.08.071

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (3): 275-283 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.08.071

综述

养殖大黄鱼肌肉品质评价及其营养调控的研究进展

蒋慧琪¹(

),王晶^1,²,汪愈超¹,冯凤琴^1,²(

)

^1.浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院，农业农村部农产品采后处理重点实验室/浙江省农产品加工技术研究重点实验室，杭州 310058
^2.浙江大学宁波研究院，浙江宁波 315100

Research progress of flesh quality evaluation and nutrition regulation of farmed large yellow croaker

Huiqi JIANG¹(

),Jing WANG^1,²,Yuchao WANG¹,Fengqin FENG^1,²(

)

^1.Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Post Harvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

大黄鱼（Larimichthys croceus）是我国特有的海洋经济鱼种，其肉质鲜美，深受消费者的喜爱。然而，过度捕捞导致野生大黄鱼产量日益减少，养殖大黄鱼现已成为满足消费需求的重要途径。相较于野生大黄鱼，养殖大黄鱼存在体色变浅、脂肪含量较多、腥味较重等问题，营养调控被认为是一种改善养殖大黄鱼品质的安全有效的方法。本文从大黄鱼体色、肌肉质地、营养成分、风味滋味等方面综述了评价大黄鱼品质的各个指标，着重论述了可用于改善大黄鱼品质的多种饲料添加剂及其对可能涉及的相关基因表达的影响等，以期为研究开发高品质大黄鱼饲用添加剂，并将其应用于养殖大黄鱼肌肉品质的改善提供参考。

关键词： 大黄鱼; 饲料添加剂; 营养调控

Abstract:

Large yellow croaker(Larimichthys croceus) is a typically marine economical fish in our country, which is very popular with consumers due to its delicious tastes. However, the overfishing resulted in the decreased production of wild large yellow croaker in recent years, and the farmed one was the main way to meet consumers’ demands. Compared with the wild large yellow croaker, some severe problems occurred in the farmed one, such as light skin color, high fat content, and heavy fishy smell, etc. The nutrition regulation may be considered as a safe and effective way to improve the qualities of the farmed large yellow croaker. This review was to present various indicators for fish qualities, including skin color, muscle texture, nutrient components, flavor, etc. Emphasis was placed on a variety of feed additives available to improve fish qualities and the possible influence on related gene expression. This work is expected to guide for developing new feed additives used to improve the qualities of farmed large yellow croaker.

Key words: large yellow croaker feed additives nutrition regulation

收稿日期: 2020-08-07 出版日期: 2021-06-25

CLC:

TS 254.1

基金资助: 浙江大学新农村发展研究院农业技术推广专项基金(217006);杭州市产学研合作项目(14-516102-012)

通讯作者: 冯凤琴 E-mail: huiqijiang@zju.edu.cn;fengfq@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 蒋慧琪（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-6003），E-mail：huiqijiang@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

蒋慧琪,王晶,汪愈超,冯凤琴. 养殖大黄鱼肌肉品质评价及其营养调控的研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(3): 275-283.

Huiqi JIANG,Jing WANG,Yuchao WANG,Fengqin FENG. Research progress of flesh quality evaluation and nutrition regulation of farmed large yellow croaker. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(3): 275-283.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.08.071 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I3/275

添加剂类型 Type of additives	添加剂名称 Name of additives	功能 Function	文献 Reference
氨基酸 Amino acid	羟脯氨酸 Hydroxyproline	提高大黄鱼肉中粗蛋白的含量，改善鱼肉的硬度、弹性和嚼劲	[20]
	羟脯氨酸 Hydroxyproline	促进养殖大黄鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白相关基因的表达水平，提高肌肉中胶原蛋白的含量	[24]
	脯氨酸 Proline	与维生素C协同提高鱼肉的硬度和胶原蛋白的含量，提升肌肉的抗氧化能力	[23]
脂肪酸 Fatty acid	共轭亚油酸 Conjugated linoleic acid	提高大黄鱼肌肉中鲜味氨基酸和肌苷酸的含量，以及部分具有特殊气味的醛酮类化合物的含量	[21]
	亚油酸、亚麻酸 Linoleic acid, linolenic acid	提高大黄鱼对脂蛋白的摄取、脂肪酸的吸收和脂肪沉积的能力	[25]
	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	增加肝脏脂蛋白分泌和脂肪酸β-氧化，降低肌肉甘油三酯的合成，减少大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉中脂肪的含量	[25]
	磷脂 Phospholipid	促进脂肪酸转运和吸收相关基因（脂蛋白脂肪酶、肝脂酶和脂肪酸转位酶）mRNA的表达，降低脂肪的沉积	[26]
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	虾青素 Astaxanthin	提高大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的红色值	[22]
	叶黄素 Lutein	提高大黄鱼背部和腹部皮肤的黄色值	[22]
	角黄素 Canthaxanthin	改善大黄鱼腹侧和背侧皮肤的红色值	[7]
维生素 Vitamin	维生素A Vitamin A	降低类胡萝卜素的转化，促进鱼体着色	[27]
	维生素C Vitamin C	与脯氨酸具有协同作用，提高鱼肉的硬度和胶原蛋白的含量，提升肌肉的抗氧化能力	[23]
	维生素E Vitamin E	具有抗氧化性，降低类胡萝卜素的消耗，促进鱼体着色	[27]
中草药 Chinese herb	太子参提取物 Pseudostellaria heterophylla extract	提高大黄鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量，以及肌肉中甘氨酸、赖氨酸含量和氨基酸总量	[28]
中草药 Chinese herb	竹青素 Green bamboo extract	降低大黄鱼的肝脏、腹肌、背肌中的脂肪含量，提高鱼肉中多不饱和脂肪酸、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸的含量	[29]

表1 大黄鱼饲料添加剂及其功能

图1 MClR信号传导途径α-MSH/ACTH：α-促黑激素/促肾上腺皮质激素；MC1R：黑素皮质素1受体；ATP：腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸；cAMP：环磷酸腺苷；TYR：酪氨酸酶。

图2 肌肉发育过程及MRFs的调控MyoD：生肌分化因子；Myf5：生肌因子5；MRF4：生肌调节因子4。

图3 Nrf2对抗氧化酶的调控ROS：活性氧簇；Nrf2：抗氧化通路核因子E2相关因子；ARE：抗氧化反应元件。

图4 脂肪酸合成途径ACLY：柠檬酸裂解酶；ACC：乙酰辅酶A羧化酶；FAS：脂肪酸合成酶；SCD1：硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1。

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