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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (6): 737-747    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.07.141
资源利用与环境保护     
中药渣生物有机肥对镉-汞复合污染土壤的钝化效果
陈芬1,2(),余高1,2(),吴涵茜1,侯建伟1,赵成刚1
1.铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院，贵州 铜仁 554300
2.农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室/天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室，天津 300191
Effects of bio-organic fertilizer made from Chinese traditional herb residues on heavy metal passivation in Cd and Hg compound-contaminated soils
Fen CHEN1,2(),Gao YU1,2(),Hanqian WU1,Jianwei HOU1,Chenggang ZHAO1
1.College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
2.Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Tianjin 300191, China
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摘要：

为探究中药渣生物有机肥对农田土壤重金属的钝化效果及影响机制，选取不同镉（Cd）污染水平（高、中、低）自然农田土壤为研究对象，通过土培试验，分析中药渣生物有机肥不同施用比例［0（CK）、1.5%、3.0%和6.0%］对土壤有机质、pH、阳离子交换量（cation exchange capacity, CEC）以及Cd和汞（Hg）的形态变化、钝化率（immobilization efficiency, IE）、迁移率指数（mobility index, MI）的影响，并通过土壤理化性质与重金属形态的相关性分析，初步探讨其钝化机制。结果表明：施用中药渣生物有机肥可提高土壤有机质含量、pH和CEC，且随施用比例的增加而显著提高。施用中药渣生物有机肥可降低土壤中的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Cd、Hg含量，增加有机结合态和残渣态Cd、Hg含量；且可交换态和碳酸盐结合态含量的降幅及有机结合态和残渣态含量的增幅均以6.0%处理最高，3.0%处理次之，1.5%处理最低。施用中药渣生物有机肥可降低土壤Cd、Hg的迁移率，增加Cd、Hg的钝化率；且迁移率的增幅和钝化率的降幅均以6.0%处理最高，3.0%处理次之，1.5%处理最低。相关性分析结果表明，土壤有机质含量、pH和CEC与可交换态Cd、Hg含量均呈显著负相关（P＜0.05），与有机结合态Cd含量呈显著或极显著正相关 （P＜0.05或P＜0.01），土壤有机质含量和CEC与有机结合态Hg含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。总体上，施用中药渣生物有机肥可有效改善土壤理化性质，降低土壤重金属Cd、Hg的生物有效性，从而达到修复土壤的目的。
关键词： 中药渣生物有机肥;  镉-汞复合污染土壤;  钝化修复    
Abstract:

This study aimed to understand the passivation effects and mechanisms of bio-organic fertilizer made from Chinese traditional herb residues (BOFCTHR) on heavy metals in farmland soils. The soils with three levels of Cd-contamination were collected from Longli County (high pollution), Wanshan District, Tongren City (medium pollution), and Danzhai County (low pollution) in Guizhou Province. A soil incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of BOFCTHR on soil organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), the morphological transformation of Cd and Hg, immobilization efficiency (IE) and mobility index (MI) under the addition of 0 (CK), 1.5%, 3.0% and 6.0% BOFCTHR, respectively; and the correlation between the physiochemical properties of soils and the forms of heavy metals was analyzed. The results showed that the application of BOFCTHR increased significantly soil organic matter content, pH, and CEC in a dose-dependent manner. The application of BOFCTHR decreased exchangeable and carbonate-bound form contents of Cd and Hg, increased organic-bound and residual form contents of Cd and Hg; and the reduce amplitude of exchangeable and carbonate-bound form contents of Cd and Hg, and the increment amplitude of organic-bound and residual form contents of Cd and Hg followed the order: 6.0% BOFCTHR＞3.0% BOFCTHR＞1.5% BOFCTHR. The application of BOFCTHR decreased MI of Cd and Hg, and increased IE of Cd and Hg; and the reduce amplitude of MI of Cd and Hg, and the increment amplitude of IE of Cd and Hg followed the order: 6.0% BOFCTHR＞3.0% BOFCTHR＞1.5% BOFCTHR. The correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter content, pH, and CEC were significant negative correlation with exchangeable form content of Cd and Hg (P＜0.05), and significant or extremely significant positive correlation with organic-bound form content of Cd (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); soil organic matter content and CEC were significant positive correlation with organic-bound form content of Hg (P＜0.05). It is concluded that BOFCTHR may affect the passivation effect of heavy metals in the soil by changing the physiochemical properties.
Key words: bio-organic fertilizer made from Chinese traditional herb residues    Cd and Hg compound-contaminated soils    passivation remediation
收稿日期: 2020-07-14 出版日期: 2020-12-31
CLC:  X 53  
基金资助: 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室开放基金(19cdhj-5);贵州省教育厅自然科学基金(黔教合KY字〔2018〕349);铜仁学院农业生态创新研究团队项目（CXTD(2020-10);贵州省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202010665023)
通讯作者: 余高     E-mail: chenfen2018@126.com;httywwwyu1014@sina.com
作者简介: 陈芬（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-9072），E-mail：chenfen2018@126.com
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引用本文:

陈芬,余高,吴涵茜,侯建伟,赵成刚. 中药渣生物有机肥对镉-汞复合污染土壤的钝化效果[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(6): 737-747.

Fen CHEN,Gao YU,Hanqian WU,Jianwei HOU,Chenggang ZHAO. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer made from Chinese traditional herb residues on heavy metal passivation in Cd and Hg compound-contaminated soils. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(6): 737-747.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.07.141    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I6/737

Cd污染水平

Cd pollution

level

w（有机质）

Organic matter

content/(g/kg)

pH

阳离子交换量

CEC/(cmol(＋)/kg)

w（全氮）

Total N content/

(g/kg)

w（有效磷）

Available P

content/(mg/kg)

w（速效钾）

Available K

content/(mg/kg)

w(Cd)/

(mg/kg)

w(Hg)/

(mg/kg)

高 High13.844.9211.331.1618.53141.924.990.31
中 Medium12.115.338.940.7816.75132.340.878.65
低 Low9.235.898.560.5813.14125.320.410.23
表1  供试土壤的理化性质
图1  中药渣生物有机肥不同施用比例下土壤中有机质含量、pH及CEC变化*和**分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平显著和极显著相关。下标“1、2、3”分别表示高、中、低Cd污染土壤。
图2  不同Cd污染水平下中药渣生物有机肥对土壤重金属形态的影响
图3  中药渣生物有机肥不同施用比例下土壤中Cd、Hg的迁移率指数*表示在P＜0.05水平显著相关。下标“1、2、3”分别表示高、中、低Cd污染土壤。
图4  中药渣生物有机肥对不同Cd污染水平下土壤Cd、Hg的钝化效果A1～A2.高Cd污染；B1～B2.中Cd污染；C1～C2.低Cd污染。*表示在P＜0.05水平显著相关。下标“1、2、3、4”分别表示0（CK）、1.5%、3.0%、6.0% 4个中药渣生物有机肥施用比例。
图5  钝化后土壤Cd、Hg的钝化率

重金属

Heavy

metal

形态

Form

高Cd污染

High Cd pollution

中Cd污染

Medium Cd pollution

低Cd污染

Low Cd pollution

有机质

Organic matter

pHCEC

有机质

Organic matter

pHCEC

有机质

Organic matter

pHCEC
CdF1－0.975*－0.974*－0. 962*－0.968*－0.952*－0.958*－0.973*－0.986*－0.951*
F2－0.912－0.984*－0.892－0.842－0.947－0.935－0.887－0.976*－0.909
F30.9130.7600.9300.4980.7240.7310.6800.6410.759
F40.967*0.985*0.953*0.997**0.999**0.967*0.959*0.984*0.971*
F50.6920.8410.958*0.992**0.993**0.9260.8080.961*0.861
HgF1－0.967*－0.972*－0.954*－0.958*－0.967*－0.971*－0.963*－0.989*－0.985*
F2－0.805－0.937－0.773－0.914－0.951*－0.965*－0.875－0.989*－0.922
F3－0.901－0.946－0.884－0.737－0.798－0.884－0.882－0.981*－0.988
F40.986*0.8960.959*0.964*0.8330.983*0.956*0.980*0.987*
F50.8020.9500.8840.8720.9150.952*0.7740.952*0.838
表2  土壤有机质、pH和CEC与Cd、Hg各形态含量的相关系数
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