圆弧齿轮排肥器圆弧结构参数仿真试验及优化

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.11.101

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (5): 625-636 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.11.101

农业工程

圆弧齿轮排肥器圆弧结构参数仿真试验及优化

顿国强¹(

),高志勇²,郭艳玲¹(

),刘宇轩¹,毛宁¹,纪文义³

^1.东北林业大学机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150040
^2.东北林业大学工程技术学院，哈尔滨 150040
^3.东北农业大学工程学院，哈尔滨 150030

Simulation test and optimization for structural parameters of circular arc gear discharging fertilizer apparatus

Guoqiang DUN¹(

),Zhiyong GAO²,Yanling GUO¹(

),Yuxuan LIU¹,Ning MAO¹,Wenyi JI³

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
^2.College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
^3.Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

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摘要：

为保证排肥器排肥流量的均匀性，设计了一种圆弧齿轮排肥器。运用离散元仿真技术，以圆弧齿轮排肥器为研究对象，分析了圆弧排肥齿轮的轮槽圆弧半径r₁和两圆弧排肥齿轮之间的最小槽长l这2个关键因素对排肥器排肥性能的影响。试验结果表明：圆弧排肥齿轮的轮槽圆弧半径对单位时间排肥量的决定系数影响显著，两圆弧排肥齿轮之间的最小槽长对排肥量稳定性变异系数影响显著，最优的结构参数为r₁=8.54 mm，l=5.22 mm，此时，变异系数为0.28，决定系数为0.997 2。选择最优结构进行台架试验，排肥量稳定性变异系数为0.27，单位时间排肥量的决定系数为0.998 0，仿真试验结果和台架试验结果基本吻合。

关键词： 农业机械; 圆弧齿轮排肥器; 离散元法; 结构参数; 排肥性能

Abstract:

In order to improve the uniformity of the flow when fertilizer apparatus is working, a kind of fertilizer apparatus owned circular arc gears was designed. Taking the circular arc gear discharging fertilizer apparatus as the research object, this study used discrete element method (DEM) simulation to analyze the influence of two key components including the arc radius of concave-groove of circular arc gear discharging fertilizer (r₁) and the minimal length between two mutual meshing arc gears (l). The results indicated that the arc radius of concave-groove of circular arc gear discharging fertilizer had significant effect on the coefficient of determination of discharging fertilizer amount in unit time, and the minimal length between two mutual meshing arc gears had significant effect on the coefficient of variation of the stability of fertilizer sowing amount. The optimum structural parameters were 8.54 mm as the arc radius of concave-groove and 5.22 mm as the minimal length between two mutual meshing arc gears. Upon this circumstance, the coefficient of variation was 0.28, and the coefficient of determination was 0.997 2. The optimum structure was selected to do the bench test. The results indicated that the coefficient of variation of the quality changes of discharging fertilizer was 0.27, and the coefficient of determination of fertilizer discharging amount in unit time was 0.998 0. The results of simulation experiment were basically consistent with the real result.

Key words: agricultural machinery circular arc gear discharging fertilizer apparatus discrete element method structural parameter fertilizing performance

收稿日期: 2019-11-10 出版日期: 2020-11-19

CLC:

S 224.21

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572020BF10);东北林业大学大学生国家级创新训练计划(202010225211)

通讯作者: 郭艳玲 E-mail: dunguoqiang1986@163.com;guo.yl@hotmail.com

作者简介: 顿国强（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-4642），E-mail：dunguoqiang1986@163.com

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引用本文:

顿国强,高志勇,郭艳玲,刘宇轩,毛宁,纪文义. 圆弧齿轮排肥器圆弧结构参数仿真试验及优化[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(5): 625-636.

Guoqiang DUN,Zhiyong GAO,Yanling GUO,Yuxuan LIU,Ning MAO,Wenyi JI. Simulation test and optimization for structural parameters of circular arc gear discharging fertilizer apparatus. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 625-636.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.11.101 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I5/625

图1 软球模型对颗粒间（或颗粒-接触壁间）接触力的简化处理

图2 2种排肥器结构对比A. 外槽轮式排肥器结构示意图；B. 圆弧齿轮排肥器结构示意图。1：外槽轮式排肥器外壳；2：排肥外槽轮；3：排肥舌；4：圆弧齿轮排肥器外壳；5：驱动六方轴孔；6：主动齿轮轴；7：从动齿轮轴；8：圆弧排肥齿轮。

图3 2种排肥器排肥效果对比A. 外槽轮式排肥器排肥效果示意图；B. 圆弧齿轮排肥器排肥效果示意图。

图4 排肥器设计参数

图5 参数计算图解

图6 r1和l对圆弧排肥齿轮形状的影响

表1 EDEM中颗粒参数设置

表2 EDEM中变量参数设置

图7 仿真几何模型1：颗粒工厂；2：尿素颗粒；3：挡肥板；4：圆弧排肥齿轮；5：排肥器壳体；6：肥料收集器；7：监测网格（b）；8：监测网格（a）。EDEM：工程离散元法。

图8 单次试验监测网格（a）内肥料颗粒质量变化

图9 单次试验监测网格（b）内肥料堆积质量变化

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	圆弧排肥齿轮的轮槽圆弧半径 Arc radius of concave-groove of circular arc gear discharging fertilizer (r₁)/mm	两圆弧排肥齿轮之间的最小槽长 Minimal length of two mutual meshing arc gears (l)/mm
+ $γ$	11		7
+1	10		7
0	9		5
－1	8		4
－ $γ$	7		3

表3 试验因素与水平

编号 Identifier	自变量 Independent variable		试验指标 Test indicator
编号 Identifier	$x 1$	$x 2$	$σ$	$R 2$
1	－1	－1	0.399	0.995 1
2	1	－1	0.470	0.983 5
3	－1	1	0.482	0.993 8
4	1	1	0.295	0.985 3
5	－1.414	0	0.356	0.993 8
6	1.414	0	0.364	0.978 2
7	0	－1.414	0.670	0.998 0
8	0	1.414	0.377	0.990 8
9	0	0	0.324	0.995 4
10	0	0	0.274	0.996 9
11	0	0	0.296	0.993 9
12	0	0	0.272	0.998 7
13	0	0	0.300	0.998 5
14	0	0	0.261	0.996 9
15	0	0	0.297	0.991 4
16	0	0	0.264	0.998 6

表4 二次正交旋转试验方案及结果

表5 各因子对监测网格(a)内排肥量稳定性变异系数影响的方差分析

表6 各因子对监测网格(b)内单位时间排肥量的决定系数影响的方差分析

图10 最小槽长l与轮槽圆弧半径r1对变异系数的响应曲面图

图11 最小槽长l与轮槽圆弧半径r1对决定系数的响应曲面图

图12 3D打印模型及试验装置1：圆弧排肥齿轮；2：外壳；3：直齿渐开线圆柱齿轮；4：排肥器肥料箱；5：变频器；6：排肥器驱动电机；7：尿素颗粒；8：传输带；9：传送带驱动电机；10：试验台架。

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